Esther 9 - 10

The Jews were not exempt from the decree against them; but a new decree was issued that allowed them to defend themselves against those who meant them harm. The Jews enjoyed a signal victory against their oppressors and enjoyed the fruits of their victory. A feast was established to commemorate the deliverance the experienced. Mordecai was promoted; and the Jews enjoyed a period of safety in a foreign land.

Esther 6 - 8

A restless night was experienced by many in Shushan. Haman spent the night constructing gallows on his property, so he could hang Mordecai on them. Esther spent a restless night preparing for the banquet she would throw the next day for Haman and the king. The king spent a restless night filled with insomnia. He called for the history of the realm to be read; and even that didn't put him to sleep! Finally, he heard of the works of Mordecai in protecting his life. A search of the history books showed that nothing had been done for Mordecai in the way of a reward for his efforts.

Haman, who is arriving early at the palace asking for permission to hang Mordecai, is asked by the king "What should be done to honor the one the king seeks to honor?" Haman selfishly answers, hoping that he will be the one honored. What a surprise to learn that he would carry out those details to show the king's honor with Mordecai!

At the banquet, Esther reveals that she and her people have been sold into annihilation. The king - rightly outraged that one would attempt to take the life of the queen - asks for the identity of the guilty party. It is Haman! In attempting to plead for his life, Haman is mistakenly accused of accosting the queen. He is taken and hung on his own gallows; and his property becomes the possession of Esther and Mordecai!

Esther 3 - 5

Promotion. Pride. Plotting. Persuasion. Parties. Perplexity.

A man named Haman is promoted to head over the king's leaders. Mordecai, a devout Jew, would not bow to this leader out of respect to the Lord's Commands. Haman, not content to see only Mordecai punished, determines to eliminate the entirety of Haman's race. A decree is soon issued by the king stating that on the 13th day of the 12th month, all these "traitorous rebels" will be executed.

Mordecai and other Jews officially enter a state of mourning. Queen Esther is made aware of the dilemma facing her people; and it is asked that she approach the king on behalf of the Jewish nation. She agrees after a period of prayer and preparation.

The king accepts Esther's request to a banquet attended by himself and Haman. At this banquet the king and Haman are invited back for a second banquet the next day. Traveling home, Haman passes Mordecai who will still not bow to him. He has a gallows constructed, so that he may ask the king's permission to execute Mordecai ahead of the promised day of destruction.

Esther 1 - 2

The opulent palace of Shushan is not free of turmoil. A party that has lasted for almost 6 months is winding down with a week-long intensive festival. At the conclusion of it, the queen is summoned, so that all assembled may delight in her beauty. The queen rightly guesses the real reason she is being summoned and refuses to degrade herself in such a way. Almost immediately, she is dethroned and the search for a new queen begins.

In this midst of Shushan lives a Jewish exile named Mordecai. He serves the king while caring for his orphaned cousin, Hadassah (Esther in the language of Persia). While the search for a queen continues, Esther is taken to see if the king would be pleased with her. She does not reveal her nationality to those helping her prepare to meet the king. After a year-long preparation period, Esther is presented to the king who immediately places the crown on her head and takes her as his queen. Mordecai, no longer responsible for the care of his cousin, is showered with gifts as her relative. While going about his daily routine, Mordecai discovers an assassination plot against King Ahasuerus. He passes this information to the queen, who passes it along to the king in her cousin's name. The treasonous parties are discovered and hanged; a public record of this is made in the official history of the kingdom.

Nehemiah 12 - 13

The names and families of those serving as priests at the time of Nehemiah's governance are recorded. Then, the grand finale - the dedication of the wall. Nehemiah has come many miles, many months, many mishaps since the day he first heard of the disrepair of the walls of Jerusalem. With God's help and direction, he overcame great obstacles to see this project through to completion. The dedication celebration was conducted on a grand scale. Two great choirs approached the temple from opposite sides and sang loudly in praise to God Who had accomplished much in the city. The sound of this concert could be heard well outside the walls of the city. The items of worship were dedicated, and the law reiterated to them; and then folks went to work.

Not everything went smoothly after that. Nehemiah had to keep a constant eye on the details of his governance. He was confronted many times about small matters that seemed insignificant. He dealt with these matters (which were serious) before they could develop into major catastrophes.

Many look to the book of Nehemiah for leadership principles and advice. In my reading through the book in the last several days, I have been struck by one or two major facets I have not seen as clearly before. The first is that a leader must be a person of prayer. Find one example in this account where Nehemiah is faced with a situation and does not pray. A second highlight of the book in this reading was the importance of focusing on the task at hand; and the need to constantly remind folks of the task at hand so they stay focused.

Nehemiah 10 - 11

The leaders and people agree to the covenant proposed by Nehemiah and Ezra: to walk in God's Law as given to Moses, and to keep God's commands, ordinances and statutes. Particularly, this involved the restriction on marrying outside the Jewish community, the forbidding of sales on the Sabbath day, and the setting aside of finances for the house of God and those who cared for it.

The population was then divided so that 10% lived in Jerusalem, while the other 90% lived in other cities. In this way, the land of Judah and Benjamin was reestablished.

Nehemiah 7 - 9

Nehemiah begins to oversee the repopulating of the land. He calls for a reading of the record of those who returned from exile. Again, it is a reminder of all that God has done to bless His people. Ezra, the scribe, is then called to read from the book of God's Law given to Moses. The people stood from morning until midday to hear God's Word read and explained to them. The day was declared to be holy to the Lord, a day of rejoicing in what God's strength had provided for them. At this time, they also celebrated the Feast of Tabernacles, a reminder of their time in the wilderness after leaving Egypt.

In Ezra's account we read of a great national revival and repentance over the matter of intermarriage with those God forbid. Here in Nehemiah's account, we read of the same matter. In this record, we have the words used to describe the attitude of those repenting. These were not folks sorry for what they needed to do; they were not grudgingly putting away their sin. These folks are responsive to God, rejoicing over His favor, and sweetly submitting to His wishes - no matter what the personal ramifications may be.

Nehemiah 4 - 6

Nehemiah continues the work of rebuilding the defenses of the city of Jerusalem. The walls, gates and infrastructure of the city slowly begin to take shape. Meanwhile, the enemies around Jerusalem try their hardest to distract and discourage those who are doing the work. Nehemiah sets a wonderful example of leadership and wisdom by taking every matter seriously, addressing every matter in a timely fashion, but - most importantly - taking every matter to God in prayer first. Over and again, he is a man of constant prayer.

Nehemiah addresses an important issue facing the nation. Too many were becoming indebted to their fellow citizens because of high interest rates. Nehemiah lays out the problem to the leaders, and they agree to withdraw their exorbitant charges. The nation is soon prospering financially and emotionally as a result.

With the walls and gates completed, the nations around Jerusalem are filled with fear. It is obvious that God is blessing His people once again.

Nehemiah 1 - 3

The account of Nehemiah is begun. Nehemiah, employed as cupbearer to the king of Persia, receives news about the disrepair of the city of Jerusalem. The walls are destroyed, the gates are burnt and the city is in shambles. Nehemiah's first response is prayer. He confesses that the city is rightly in ruins due to the sins of the people. He admits that God is right for disciplining His children in such a way. He requests that God's favor would return to His people; and that God would be pleased to use Nehemiah in the process.

The king soon asks Nehemiah what is on his mind. Again, Nehemiah's first response is prayer. He requests that the king give him permission to travel to Jerusalem to oversee the rebuilding process; and that letters be granted him to obtain the assistance of those along the way to contribute materials for building and security. His requests are granted.

Nehemiah arrives in Jerusalem and surveys the condition of the city. He then challenges the people with the task before them. The people eagerly respond and begin building. The gates are soon rebuilt and the walls between them repaired. Soon the walls begin to take shape around the city.

Ezra 9 - 10

Ezra continues to call the people back into a right relationship with God. One of the glaring sins committed was intermarriage with the surrounding pagan cultures - something God had forbidden. Ezra personally mourned the state of disobedience in which the nation was found; and the other leaders and rulers began to mourn as well. The people were called together, and God's plan laid out again for them. The question then, was, "What shall be done to correct the errors of the past?" A plan was developed to put away the foreign wives and children; and the people did this - even those in leadership positions.

Ezra 6 - 8

Darius confirms to the opposing forces the decree of Cyrus. Further, he ordered those opposing the temple reconstruction efforts to cease and desist their opposition. He also provided for the funding of the building project out of the royal coffers. With those provisions in place, the temple was soon finished; and the Passover was observed shortly after it was rededicated.

Ezra, the scribe, was commissioned to be the teacher of God's law in Jerusalem. He had full diplomatic authority in the region; and was uniquely blessed and equipped by God for the task. As Ezra prepares to depart for Jerusalem, he notices a glaring oversight: there are no Levites willing to travel to Jerusalem and serve in the temple! Convincing the priests and Levites to return, Ezra safely travels the distance from Persia to Jerusalem without losing any of the party or the provisions!

Ezra 3 - 5

Upon returning to Jerusalem, Ezra and his band of returning exiles rebuild the altar of God and offer burnt offerings upon it. They then celebrate the Feast of Tabernacles, then commenced to rebuild the temple itself. The foundation was laid and the people rejoiced. Many who had seen Solomon's temple before it was destroyed by Babylon wept because this new temple could not compare in size or beauty. But a temple was established to worship God again from Jerusalem!

Those in neighboring kingdoms asked to build alongside Ezra; but these were refused. These pesky neighbors tried to halt the building process by filing law suits against Ezra ... and the work stopped. During the time of the prophets Haggai and Zechariah, the people once again began building. Further legal claims were made against the validity of this project; but the people refused to be budged from their labors. A formal request was made of King Darius to see if Cyrus had actually decreed that the temple be rebuilt.

Ezra 1 - 2

Cyrus, king of Persia, in fulfillment of Jeremiah's prophecy allowed for the return of the Jews to their homeland after 70 years in exile. The purpose of this return was to rebuild the house of God; and Cyrus even allowed the gold taken by King Nebuchadnezzar to be returned to Jerusalem. The group preparing to make the trip back to Jerusalem totaled 42,360 people, plus their servants, horses, mules, camels and donkeys.

2 Chronicles 34 - 36

Josiah began his reign at the tender age of 8. Even as a young man, he sought the Lord and began to eradicate the presence of false gods from the land. Part of his restoration involved cleansing the temple from its disrepair. In the process of hauling out the accumulated junk, the priest found the Book of the Law given to Moses. When the priest's secretary read from God's Law, Josiah realized all that God had commanded His people - and realized that most of what had been done should not have been, and most of what should have been done had not been. The prophetess confirmed the fact of God's displeasure at Judah's sin; and also confirmed that Josiah's tender heart and inclination to follow God would be rewarded. Josiah then goes to the people and enters a covenant with them that he will lead them in the way that is right.

A Passover celebration was held, with the king providing for those unable to sacrifice. All was followed to the letter that day. This Passover celebration had not been correctly observed, Scripture tells us, since the days of Samuel.

Again, pride does its dastardly work. Josiah goes out to battle and will not be dissuaded from participating. He disguises himself to fight and is mortally wounded in battle. The mourning for king Josiah was great and prolonged.

Josiah's son, Jehoahaz, reigned in his place. His rule lasted 3 months. During those 90 days, the land was placed under tribute to Egypt and another son of Josiah, Jehoiakim (his name was Eliakim before being changed) was placed on the throne to rule. Jehoiakim did not follow the godly example of his father, Josiah. He was carried away to Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar. In his place, his son Jehoiachin reigned. After 3 months he was replaced by his brother Zedekiah.

Zedekiah did not practice humility either. He rebelled against God, and against Nebuchadnezzar. He constantly refused to heed the warnings of God's prophets and messengers. The Chaldeans soon came and laid siege to the city of Jerusalem. The citizens were taken into exile - a period of time promised by God to last 70 years. At the end of those years, a declaration was made by Cyrus, king of Persia that all who were willing to return to the land to rebuild God's house were encouraged to do so.

2 Chronicles 32 - 33

The partying soon came to an end when Sennacherib, the king of Assyria, invaded Judah. Hezekiah strengthened the city walls, stopped up the water resources, and made the invasion as difficult for Assyria as possible. Hezekiah's reasoning was this: Sennacherib has a strong arm; but we have the arm of the LORD as our Protector!

Sennacherib taunts the faith of the people in Hezekiah and Jehovah. But God will not be blasphemed! His angel went through the camp, killing the commanders and warriors. Sennacherib returned to his country in great defeat.

Unfortunately, Hezekiah soon suffered defeat. He became proud of his accomplishments; and displayed them to any who would see - even foreign dignitaries from Babylon who came to inquire about a miraculous healing he had received from God. Following his death, his son - Manasseh - reigned.

Manasseh was evil. He undid all that his father had done in restoring worship to God alone. He failed to listen to God's calls for repentance - until he was lead away captive by the Assyrians. God graciously allowed him to return to his kingdom. He repaired what he had done and tore down the false idols and attempted to reform the worship of the people once again. The people still used the false altars; but they worshiped God on them (how absurd).

Manasseh's son, Amon, reigned for two years following his father's death. He also did evil. His own counselors conspired against him and had him assassinated.

2 Chronicles 30 - 31

Once the temple was rededicated, Hezekiah set about to celebrate the Passover - an event that had been neglected for many years. The priests and Levites made great sacrifices on behalf of the people, as the people themselves were unclean, unworthy and unable to sacrifice for themselves. This celebration was unrivaled in Israel's history. One would have to go back to the time of Solomon for a worship experience that rivaled this one.

Following this time of great renewal of worship, the people went out and removed the altars of the false gods they had been worshiping. People began giving again to the temple; and the income almost overwhelmed the priests who received it.

2 Chronicles 28 - 29

King Ahaz does not follow in the family tradition of following God. He builds altars to false idols and participates in human sacrifice. As punishment for his sin, God allows the Syrians to carry away part of the populace as captives. Under seige from many enemies, Ahaz turns to the Assyrians for help. In this time of distress, Ahaz did NOT turn to God, but became even more faithless. After Ahaz's death, Hezekiah began to rule.

Hezekiah did what was right in God's eyes. He reopened the temple and restored the worship within it. He rededicated the temple, the utensils, and those who served within it. He then formally held a ceremony to rededicate the temple.

2 Chronicles 25 - 27

Amaziah begins his reign by putting to death the men that assassinated his father, King Joash. He then amassed an army and set out to destroy the Edomites. Strangely enough, after defeating them, he begins worshiping their gods. If they were not strong enough to protect the Edomites . . . ?? This is soon demonstrated as Amaziah engages in a battle with Joash, king of (northern) Israel and is soundly defeated and taken captive. Later he would be put to death by the citizens for his failure to follow the Lord. His son, Uzziah, was made king in his stead.

Uzziah took the throne at the age of 16. His 52-year reign was a good one. He sought the Lord, and God allowed him to prosper. Prosperity, however, had an ill effect on Uzziah. His pride caused him to overstep his duties as king. In attempting to act as a priest by burning incense on the altar, Uzziah contracted leprosy and had to live in a separated house away from the palace. This well-beloved king soon died and was replaced by his son, Jotham.

Jotham followed his father's example of serving and revering God. Scripture tells us he became "mighty because he ordered his ways before the Lord his God." After his death, following a 16-year reign, his son Ahaz reigned.

2 Chronicles 23 - 24

Queen Athaliah ruled in Judah and convinced the populace to worship the false gods of her mother, Jezebel. Meanwhile, the priest, Jehoiada, waited for the right moment to reveal that a successor to king Ahaziah did exist. At the right time, young king Joash - only 7 years old - was set on the throne and declared king of Judah. His mother was executed.

Under Jehoiada's tutelage, Joash prospered as king. The temple was repaired and restored; the false idols were taken down and destroyed; the royal treasuries were increased; sacrifices to the Lord continued. But after Jehoiada's death (he lived 130 years!), Joash forsook all that he had learned from this faithful mentor. God's house was abandoned and false idols worshiped. Faithful prophets declared the wrongness of the people's actions, but to no national avail. King Joash even consented to having Zechariah - Jehoiada's son - stoned for his message against idol worship.

King Joash died at the hands of assassins. His tomb was not among those of the kings. His son, Amaziah, succeeded him.

2 Chronicles 21 - 22

Following the death of king Jehoshaphat, his son Jehoram took the throne. Jehoram did not follow the ways of his father. Instead, he followed the ways of his father-in-law, king Ahab of northern Israel. His first official act was to assassinate his brothers to keep them from overthrowing his throne. Even in the midst of this, God shows His mercy by allowing David's line to continue, as He had promised.

Jehoram dies after 8 years and the Bible records "he departed with no one's regret." His youngest son, Ahaziah, was made king. Ahaziah followed the ways of his mother, Ahab's daughter. While visiting at the home of his cousin, king Joram of northern Israel, Jehu found him and put him to death as the prophet Elijah had ordered him to do. Ahaziah's mother promptly destroyed the royal family, in hopes of uniting the kingdom under Ahab's family. But one young son, Joash, was secretly hidden away and escaped the murderous plot. Meanwhile, Queen Athaliah ruled over the land.

2 Chronicles 19 - 20

Jehoshaphat continues his reign in Jerusalem. He reminds the leaders and court officials that they are not to make decisions based on their own preferences; but that they represent God in their judgments. (A good principle to remember here in California where it is election day for local officials.)

An alliance comes against Jehoshaphat from Moab, Ammon and Assyria. The king, at a loss of what to do, gathers the people for a public prayer meeting. God speaks and reminds the people that He will deliver; they need to merely be in place to see it happen. The battle begins and God sets an ambush so that the enemy forces destroy one another. The spoil is so great from this invading army that it takes Israel 3 days to gather the spoil. The news of this victory garners peace for the rest of Jehoshaphat's 25-year reign.

2 Chronicles 17 - 18

Jehoshaphat reigns after his father, Asa. He removes the false idols and walk in the way set by his ancestor, David. God blesses him with a strong reputation. None of the surrounding kingdoms made war against him. He did make an alliance with his contemporary in northern Israel, Ahab. Jointly they went out to fight the Syrians; but in the battle, Ahab lost his life.

2 Chronicles 15 - 16

King Asa conducts reforms in the nation of Judah. Because of this, God blesses his reign with success and freedom from invasion. The king even removed his own mother from a position of power because of her worship of false idols. King Asa reigned for 41 years. He followed the Lord throughout his reign (mostly) and enjoyed great success as a result. His failures resulted in lost blessings, but God was honored by this faithful king.

2 Chronicles 13 - 14

Abijah, Rehoboam's son, is attacked by Jeroboam, king of Israel. Abijah prays and asks God to defend His name and covenant made with David. God miraculously defeats the army of Israel that had outnumbered Abijah's forces 2 - 1. Abijah is succeeded by his son, Asa.

Asa also follows the ways of the Lord. He removes the instruments of false worship and directs the people's worship towards God alone. He also is blessed with a decade-long reign of peace and tranquility.

2 Chronicles 10 - 12

Solomon's son, Rehoboam, ascends the throne after the death of his father. A rebellion quickly forms, as Rehoboam promises to be more severe in his taxation and treatment of the nation. 10 of the 12 tribes secede, leaving Rehoboam to rule the tribes of Judah and Benjamin. For three years, Rehoboam follows the pattern laid out for him by his father and grandfather. He serves the Lord obediently and is blessed. After 3 years, however, he abandons his father's ways and begins to rely on his own strength and power. God allows Shishak, king of Egypt, to come and place the nation under attack to remind Rehoboam of how he must live. The king repents and Shishak departs, having taken much of Solomon's wealth. After a 17 year reign, Rehoboam dies and is succeeded by his son, Abijah.

2 Chronicles 7 - 9

"God is good. His steadfast love endures forever."

This is the theme of the temple dedication. Over and over it is repeated by the priests, by the people, by the king himself. God's presence filled the temple and overwhelmed those who were serving in it. The opulent furnishings of the temple were hardly sufficient to contain the sacrifices offered over the period of the seven day dedication ceremonies. God confirms to Solomon that He has chosen to occupy the temple as a place for sacrifice in His name. He re-establishes a covenant with the people, reminding them of their obligation to obey and the prescription for returning when they disobey, along with the punishments for disobedience.

Solomon continued to grow in greatness, wealth and wisdom. All that was set before him he accomplished with excellence. This reputation extended into distant places; and before long, foreign dignitaries came to see if what they had heard was really the case. The Queen of Sheba's visit left her breathless at the sights she encountered and her comment was that all she had been told only encompassed half the glory she experienced first-hand. In Solomon's day, gold was the standard. Silver, the pages of Scripture records, was as common in Jerusalem as stones. Following the death of this great and wise king, his son - Rehoboam - reigned in his stead.


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2 Chronicles 4 - 6

Solomon begins outfitting the temple he has constructed. The opulence of this structure must have been staggering. Most of the furnishings were made of gold or were gold encased. The utensils were made of bronze. The size and magnitude of the dimensions are staggering. This was truly a place in which God's mighty name and reputation would be brought to mind!

The ark of the covenant was then moved from its home in the city of David to its new location within the temple walls. The sacrifices that accompanied this relocation were numerous. The amassed Levites began singing to musical accompaniment in order to demonstrate the people's praise to the Lord, and the God's worthiness to receive such praise. The ever-repeating chorus was "For he is good, for his steadfast love endures forever!" God's presence then descended upon the temple; and it overwhelmed those who were serving.

Solomon then steps before the people and reminds them of God's great blessings to them. He offers a prayer of dedication for this temple. In his prayer, he details the many attributes of God for which he as king is mindful. He reminds the people of their obligation to seek God's forgiveness when sin occurs. He asks God to kindly favor His chosen people and allow them to continue to experience His blessing. He concludes by asking God to be pleased with the temple as a place of national remembrance and worship; and to remember the king, God's humble servant.


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2 Chronicles 1 - 3

Solomon begins his reign by leading the people in worship at the tabernacle, set up in Gibeon. That evening, God appears to Solomon and encourages Solomon to ask for anything he might desire. Solomon's request for wisdom pleases God, Who promises to give him wealth and honor as well. This promise is soon obviously fulfilled as Solomon's wealth begins to grow exponentially.

Solomon begins to assemble the workers at the site of the temple he has been commissioned to build. The descriptions of the materials and the ornateness of the building highlight the reverence the king has for his God.

One interesting facet in the temple construction: Solomon continually states he is building a "house for the name of the LORD my God" a very curious way of arranging words. Solomon later points out why he uses that particular phrase when he states that any house would only be for the sacrifices to his God, since "heaven, even highest heaven cannot contain him." Solomon's temple was not going to confine God to one space - rather it would draw attention to the One unconfined by time or space and direct those around to worship Him for His greatness.


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1 Chronicles 28 - 29

David outlines the plans for the temple construction in great detail. Solomon is inaugurated as successor to his father David. David charges the people to follow the ways of the Lord; and charges his son to lead the people in God's ways. David then passes off the scene; dying "old and full of days, wealth and riches." What an epitaph for this servant of God!


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1 Chronicles 25 - 27

The divisions of the leaders in the temple is determined, as well as the division of the labor. This allowed for all the duties to be accomplished without any confusion over whose responsibility it was. In all this, God is demonstrating an orderliness to worship; and the necessity for preparedness in worship.


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1 Chronicles 22 - 24

David begins assembling the building materials for the temple that his son, Solomon, will eventually build. The massive quantity of material is astounding; and David could surely imagine the finished result. He charges Solomon to build a house worthy of being called "The House of the Lord."

In further preparation, David divides the Levites into families and assigns tasks to them, so that the work to be conducted in the temple will proceed in an orderly fashion. Much is made of Solomon's wisdom; but his father shows great insight and delegating abilities, too!


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1 Chronicles 19 - 21

David continues to strengthen his kingdom, by winning victories over Syria and Ammon - so decisive that these nations determine not to attack David any further. Enemies among the Philistines are also defeated as Goliath's relatives are destroyed by David's relatives.

All this lead to David's pride and curiosity. In seeking to determine the size of his constituency, David errs and God punishes his arrogance. A pestilence that destroys 70,000 sweeps through Israel. The plague is averted as David pleads for his nation and admits that he alone is guilty of bringing this calamity upon the nation. The angel of the Lord stops progressing through the nation - stopping at a site very near Jerusalem. David purchases this place and offers sacrifices to God for thanksgiving and forgiveness. This site will eventually house the temple.


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1 Chronicles 16 - 18

David dedicates the ark's presence in Jerusalem with a magnificent psalm of praise for what God had done and promised to do for Israel. God confirms His plans for David and his family; God will establish David's family on the throne forever because of David's faithfulness.

David desires to build a house for the worship of God; but God has other plans. In fact, it will be one of David's sons, Solomon, who will build the temple when the time comes. David, content with God's plan and timing, begins amassing the supplies that will be used in the construction of this edifice. Gifts and spoils of war are dedicated to be used in the building of this great and glorious temple to the God Who delivers, provides and supplies. David enjoys great success in battle and in administration. God provides victory for every situation he faces.

1 Chronicles 13 - 15

David ascends the throne of Israel, and begins preparations for the return of the ark to Jerusalem. By failing to properly obey God, the ark is delayed in its arrival and a man dies in a sincere effort to assist those moving the ark. What a lesson! Just because one is doing something for God does not mean that one is doing it in a God-pleasing manner. David corrects the way the ark is transported and the symbolic presence of God is returned to the capital city.


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1 Chronicles 10 - 12

The account returns to the time of Saul's death and David's ascent to the throne. The names and feats of the legendary band of "David's Mighty Men" are detailed; and what a list it is! The least of them could put to flight a group of 100 men; the greatest would cause 1000 to flee. All these men were instrumental in David's victories prior to his taking the throne; and would prove to be invaluable during his reign.

1 Chronicles 7 - 9

The list of Israel's genealogy continues. An indication of the significance of this list is given as we read that these are the genealogies of those who went into exile with the capture of Judah and Israel. This list would be indispensable information as the exiles would one day return and establish their heritage among the tribes.

1 Chronicles 4 - 6

God's continued goodness to and blessing of His people is listed. The descendants of the tribes of Israel, and the portions of land assigned to them, as well as their deeds and accomplishments are printed out for all to see and remember. What will be remembered, is not the trials or hardships faced, but the goodness of God that promised them success and then allowed them to experience that success.

1 Chronicles 1 - 3

The family tree of the nation of Israel is outlined in these chapters. Where most see a long list of names hard to pronounce and insignificant to the grand scheme of things, God desires for us to see Him at work. In the lives of these whom time has forgotten, God was actively performing His plan for the nation of Israel. Each one had a key and unique role in the story; each one was used by God to further His plans and purposes for the people He chose to love and honor. Time may have forgotten them; but God had not.

2 Kings 24 - 25

These chapters outline the final days of the kingdom of Judah. Babylon places the land under siege and captures the city of Jerusalem. When the city falls, the king is put to death and the people carried away to Babylon. A puppet government is established; but is overthrown by those who remained in the land. At that time, many of those who remained left for Egypt, out of fear of the Chaldeans.

Both nations are now in exile; but God had not forgotten his promises to the people regarding this land.

2 Kings 22 - 23

Josiah, the king who took to the throne at the age of eight, reigned for 31 years. During that time, major reform took place in the land of Judah. The temple was repaired, and in so doing the book of the law was discovered and read. Hearing exactly what God required of His people, King Josiah was rightly concerned about the great transgressions committed by his forebears. He set out to right all the many wrongs that had been committed against the God of His fathers.

Altars to foreign gods and deities were removed and desecrated. Those who led in the worship of such false religion were put to death. The sacred places were defiled and left unusable for their particular style of worship. Nothing was left undone. This was not a partial reform; it was a total elimination of places of public worship of foreign idols and gods.

Josiah also reinstated the Passover celebration, something that had been neglected for many years. We are told that no king was ever like Josiah; he turned to God with his entire heart, soul and strength. Nevertheless, God would still punish Judah for her sins. Josiah died in battle with the Egyptian Pharaoh, and his sons were placed on the throne. One was removed by the Pharoah in favor of the other, so it was Eliakim (who ruled in the name Jehoiakim) who succeeded his father.

2 Kings 19 - 21

Sennacherib continues to threaten the land of Judah; but Isaiah the prophet encourages King Hezekiah to keep his trust in the Lord. Hezekiah prays, submitting himself and the land to whatever God wishes. His only request is that God will be known as the only God. God answers that Sennacherib will not enter the city of Jerusalem, and that Jerusalem will be spared. that night 185,000 of the Assyrian army were struck down, and Sennacherib returned to Ninevah where he was assassinated by his sons.

Hezekiah becomes ill to the point of death, but petitions God to extend his life - a request that God honors. During the fifteen years following this illness, Hezekiah acts foolishly by displaying the wealth of Jerusalem to envoys from Babylon. This would eventually lead to the invasion of Jerusalem by the Babylonians. Also during this time, a son is born to Hezekiah named Manasseh. This prince would succeed his father, but would not walk in his ways or follow his example. All that Hezekiah had done to promote the sole worship of God was undone by his son and grandson, Amon. Manasseh and Amon's leadership brought great disaster and judgment on the land. Following Amon's assassination, his young son (8 years old) Josiah is placed on the throne of Judah.

2 Kings 17 - 18

Israel finally and totally is taken into exile by the Assyrian armies after a three-year siege. The reason for this is stated "the poeple of Israel had sinned against the LORD their God, who had brought them up out of the land of Egypt...and...did secretly against the LORD their God things that were not right." Although warnings had been given by every prophet sent to them, Israel would not listen and judgment finally came. Only the tribe of Judah and Benjamin remained in the land. Even in this, God demonstrates His faithfulness. He was faithfully keeping the promises made between He and His people; He had promised to bless them for obedience and punish them for disobedience. Even discipline demonstrates love!

Alas, Judah did not keep Gods commands either; but there were kings making attempts to follow God, so He lovingly allowed them leniency. The Assyrians resettled the land of Israel - Samaria particularly - and intermarried with those Hebrews who were still in the land. This was the beginning of the great hatred Jews had for Samaritans, as these Samaritans were not totally Jewish in their lineage. But that is an account for another passage.

In Judah, King Hezekiah is on the throne. He does what pleases the Lord. He removes many of the places of idol worship and worships God whole-heartedly. The Assyrian army attacks the cities of Judah and strips the cities of much of their gold and silver. Threats are made concerning the eventual overthrow of the cities. These negotiations are carried out in Hebrew; the whole populace is aware of the threats and the responses to them. The entire land is worried and afraid of what might happen. Wisely, the king calls for God's prophet, Isaiah, to determine a course of action.

2 Kings 15 -16

A line of successive kings sit upon the thrones of Israel and Judah. As a whole, they were not obedient to God and His direction. But individually, there were a few who reigned with God's law in view. Among these were Uzziah, Jotham and Hezekiah. During this period of history, the northern tribes were carried away - captives of the Assyrian army. Would the 2 tribes of Judah follow?

2 Kings 13 - 14

A steady succession of kings ascend the thrones of Israel and Judah. Several fear the Lord and follow Him; most do not. One king begins by serving his father's gods, and then changes his ways after seeing God's hand of judgment on the land. From that day, he turns and follows the ways of the Lord. The prophet Elisha also dies during this time period. Regardless of the king on the throne, God is still at work glorifying His name and demonstrating His care and protection over His chosen people.

2 Kings 10 - 12

Jehu continues to cleanse the land of those that served Baal and the descendants of King Ahab. Jehu does succeed in removing Baal worship; but does not remove the idol worship prevalent in Israel.

Meanwhile, in Judah, Joash is established as king, much to the dismay of his grandmother Athaliah. Joash, who takes the throne at a very early age, is blessed with the opportunity to have a long reign. Because he serves the Lord, God blesses him with a long reign. He seeks to repair the house of the Lord; but after many years, no progress is made. Joash allows the people to give; and the repairs are soon made.

2 Kings 7 - 9

Elisha promises that the siege of Samaria will not last; in fact, it will end within 24 hours. God allowed the Syrian army to believe they heard the sounds of chariots and horses from an assumed alliance between Israel and Egypt. They fled and abandoned their camp. The camp was discovered by 4 lepers, who promptly returned to Samaria and told the good news. Indeed, the siege ended without a battle; and the people of Samaria once again had food to eat.

Meanwhile, in Judah, Jehoram began his reign after his father Jehoshaphat. Jehoram was a wicked king; yet God did not destroy Judah because of the great love He had for David - and the promise He had made to David regarding his progeny. Jehoram is soon replaced by Ahaziah.

Elisha is called to anoint Jehu as king over Israel. This is a potential problem, as Joram is currently on the throne. Jehu is anointed and sets out to be the instrument of God's punishment on Ahab's family. Joram, Ahaziah and Jezebel are all put to death at the hand of Jehu.

2 Kings 4 - 6

Elisha continues to demonstrate the power of the Lord that rests upon him. He makes provision for a widow woman to repay her creditors, promises a son to be born to a Shunammite woman - then restores that child to life in later years, heals the prophets who had consumed a deadly stew, heals the Syrian captain Namaan of leprosy, recovers a sunken ax head by floating it to the water's surface and demonstrates the Lord's protection around his people during an attack by the Syrian army.

Throughout these accounts we see Elisha caring for others without demonstrating much thought for his own safety, security or well-being. Even in circumstances where remuneration might be expected, he displays a firm reliance on God and God's people to meet his needs. He views each instance as an opportunity to communicate a lesson about the God he serves. Would that we all follow such an example.

2 Kings 1 - 3

Elijah continues teaching the people of the land that God alone is to be served and feared. Ahaziah learns this after consulting with the prophets of Baal regarding an illness he faced. Elijah pronounced that because he did not seek an answer from God, that the illness would indeed be fatal. And it was.

Elijah's life comes to a conclusion. Elisha, his successor, is granted a double portion of the spirit in which this great prophet ministered. He immediately and conclusively displays this blessing by healing a spring that had been causing great illness and calamity in the land.

The southern neighbor to Judah, Moab, rebels and seeks to attack the nation of Israel. A coalition between Judah, Israel and Edom is formed and God displays His power once again by providing an overwhelming victory for His people.

1 Kings 21 - 22

Ahab, king of Israel and husband of Jezebel, attempts to expand his property holdings by putting to death a man who would not sell him property. Elijah proclaims that the very place where this man was killed will be the place where Ahab's blood flows in death. Ahab goes to battle with the king of Judah (Jehoshaphat) against the Syrian armies. Ahab disguises himself so that attention is not given to him as the king. As God would have it, however, a 'random shot' struck Ahab and he dies. The chariot is washed out in the city of Samaria, and Ahab's blood flows exactly where Elijah said it would. Ahab's son, Ahaziah, then takes the throne of Israel; but is no better at following the Lord than his father.

Meanwhile, in Judah, king Jehoshaphat does rule according to God's direction. He does what is right in God's sight, though he does not remove all the places of idol worship.

1 Kings 19 - 20

Elijah is convinced that he is the only one left in the land who serves the true and living God. Threatened by queen Jezebel, he flees for safety; but is reminded by God that there are many others who still serve Him. Elijah is given the task of anointing several successors; men who will demonstrate God's ability to provide.

The armies of Israel are threatened by various enemies; but God delivers His people. In doing so, He proves to be the God of the hills and the valleys. In other words, there is no place where He does not have jurisdiction!

I Kings 16 - 18

A successive number of kings rule of Israel. None of them follow the ways of the Lord, and are replaced by others. Eventually, a king by the name of Ahab takes the throne. If it were not enough that he followed the scandalous ways of his predecessors, he also married a woman who taught the nation to worship false idols. To this day, Jezebel is not a name associated with virtue.

But God was not without a voice in Israel. Elijah, the prophet, still stood as a representative of the Lord Most High; and he proved beyond any doubt that the God of Israel was not finished with His people, nor would He allow His people to continue in their sinful ways.

1 Kings 14 - 15

The kings of Israel and Judah begin marking out their kingdoms. Battle soon ensues between the two leaders. Jeroboam's son falls ill and dies as an act of punishment for establishing false religion in Israel. Successive kings follow in the lines of the kings; but, for the most part, each king is like the previous one. Very few follow the path of David, the one who lived to please the Lord.

1 Kings 12 - 13

Rehoboam, Solomon's son, ascends the throne of Israel. Ignoring the advice of his older counselors to show leniency to the populace, he alienates the majority of the kingdom. The nation, hearing that Jeroboam has returned from Egypt, make him king over the nation (except the tribes of Judah and Benjamin who follow Rehoboam).

Jeroboam, now king of Israel (Rehoboam is called king of Judah), worries that the people will return to Jerusalem to worship and be drawn into loyalty of Rehoboam. To thwart this, he establishes two golden calves that are placed in his kingdom and worshiped. This is an affront to God; and God sends a message to the king that the altars will be torn down and the crown of the kingdom will not continue in his family. Jeroboam ignores very clear warnings and proofs of verification, and continues to worship in a way he chose.

1 Kings 10 - 11

King Solomon is visited by the Queen of Sheba, who is skeptical of his announced wisdom. She travels a great distance with many questions for this supposed wise leader; and finds that she has received incorrect information. The wisdom of Solomon surpasses all reports. Solomon's wealth increases and the borders of his kingdom spread.

But not all was well with the kingdom; and the source of the problem was the king. King Solomon's devotion to beauty and the best led him to marry foreign women; women who swayed the king's affection for the one true God and convinced him to worship the gods of their homelands. Because Solomon did not honor the covenant he made with God to be faithful, God allowed him to enjoy the results of his disobedience. The kingdom would not fully belong to Solomon's son. Instead, the majority of the kingdom would pass to Jeroboam, one of Solomon's servants. Solomon tries to have Jeroboam killed (does this sound familiar?); but Jeroboam escapes to Egypt until after the death of Solomon. Solomon does die; and he is buried with his ancestors. His son, Rehoboam, reigns in his place . . . but for how long?

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1 Kings 8 - 9

Solomon dedicates the temple he has built, and the people dedicate themselves to worshiping God. The prayer of dedication that Solomon prays demonstrates great understanding and wisdom - and I commend it to you to read for yourself. Perhaps one of the greatest statements in his prayer is this "Blessed be the Lord ... Not one word has failed of all his good promise, which he spoke by Moses his servant." God keeps His promises!

God visits Solomon after the temple dedication and promises him that his sons after him will continue to sit on the throne of Israel, provided that Solomon and his children will obey God's commands and directions. Solomon continues to build cities and fleets of ships. His fame and wealth grow in large quantities.

1 Kings 6 - 7

King Solomon begins construction of the temple in the 4th year of his reign. The task of building this center of worship will take 7 years - and as one reads the descriptions of the ornateness and intricacy and opulence, it is a wonder that 7 years was sufficient time. One of the remarkable accomplishments in the construction was the use of 'pre-fabricated' materials. The mason work took place off site; the materials were fit into place at the site of the temple. Due to this, there were no sounds of hammers, axes or other construction noise heard. This building, as it were, sprung from the ground without the usual sounds of progress. Hiram, a master craftsman in the area of metals was brought in to construct the opulent and humongous furnishings for this national worship center. Finally, the construction and furnishing was complete, and Solomon brought the items dedicated for temple use by his father, David, into the temple storehouse. Only one piece of furniture - the most important piece - was missing.

1 Kings 3 - 5

King Solomon begins his reign by setting the tone for his demeanor. He walks in the ways of his father David - looking to God for strength and direction. God asks Solomon to ask for anything he might desire and it will be given to him. Solomon acknowledges his youth and inexperience and asks for wisdom to rule well. This request pleases God; and God gives him wisdom AND riches. This wisdom is soon put to the test; and Solomon establishes a reputation for doing exactly what is right, just and fair.

Eventually, King Hiram approaches Solomon to ask if supplies should be brought in for the construction of the temple. The supplies begin arriving; and laborers are contracted for the construction of a permanent edifice for the house of God.

1 Kings 1 - 2

King David's life is coming to an end; and many details need to be established. For example, his successor needs to be chosen. Adonijah, one of his sons, desires the throne; but is has already been promised to Solomon, Bathsheba's son. The plot to establish Adonijah is thwarted; and Solomon is presented to the nation as their king. David dies and is buried. Solomon puts his enemies to death and establishes himself as the unequivocal king over Israel.

2 Samuel 23 - 24

David's final words are recorded. In them are powerful statements of God's provision and strength for all that David ever needed. Following the final words of this mighty king is a list of the men that contributed to David's might and rule. These mighty men are heroic, almost epic in their description, and yet there is enough given to allow us the realization that these were real people with real problems and struggles.

David takes a census of the people, perhaps to gauge the strength of his rule in its waning days. God is not pleased with David's actions and begins to take action against the nation. David is given a choice in his punishment: 3 years of famine; 3 months of battle or 3 days of pestilence. David chooses to allow God to choose the punishment - and 3 days of pestilence begin. 70,000 die in the 3 days that follow. God stays His hand; and David builds an altar to assuage God and bring the pestilence to an end. The ground that David buys on which he will place this altar will - history tells us - become the location of the temple that will be built by David's progeny.

2 Samuel 21 - 22

A famine threatens the land, due to King Saul's attempt to put the Gibeonites to death. The Gibeonites, you remember, had made a peace treaty with Joshua in the early days of Israel's entrance to the land. The Gibeonites ask for 7 of Saul's descendants to give their lives in exchange for the king's actions. This is granted. Afterwards, the bones of Saul, Jonathan and those recently executed are buried in the family plot; and the famine lifts.

War with Philistia breaks out again; and David leads the nation to battle. The fear of the troops, however, is that David will be lost; so this marks the last battle in which David is on the field. The Philistines are defeated. Among them are 4 descendants of "the giants" perhaps alluding to relatives of Goliath. David rejoices in this victory with a song of praise and deliverance.

2 Samuel 19 - 20

David continues to mourn for his slain son, Absalom. Eventually he returns to the royal city of Jerusalem and extends a pardon to his enemies in the short-lived rebellion. Many, most even, accept the good wishes of the king and return as loyal subjects under his reign. Sheba, however, does not. Fearing a greater insurrection, David sends Joab to pursue this renegade. The chase leads to the city of Abel, where a woman pleads for the safety of her city. To spare the city from destruction, she convinces the populace to behead Sheba and end the rebellion. With civil war avoided, the soldiers return to their home cities.

2 Samuel 16 - 18

Absalom enters the city of Jerusalem which his father, David, had just vacated. All seems to be in Absalom's favor. David's most trusted adviser, Ahithophel, instructs Absalom to demonstrate his power over David by making the king's concubines his own. A tent is placed on the roof of the palace for Absalom to carry out this heinous act of treachery and adultery.

Soon, Absalom begins to doubt the advice of Ahithophel; and when the advice he gives is not followed (and is successful), Ahithophel returns to his own home and commits suicide. He had committed treason against one king and was impotent to serve another. His life, in his estimation, was not worth continuing.

David, meanwhile, is sustained wherever he travels by those who are loyal to him. What an encouragement to the king; although his family is at odds with him, the citizens he rules are still favorable to his reign.

A battle soon ensues between the forces of David and those of Absalom. David gives implicit instructions that Absalom is NOT to be harmed. Finding Absalom caught in a tree by his hair, Joab (David's commanding general) quickly disobeys the king's order and kills the prince. David, upon hearing news of his son's death, weeps uncontrollably. No matter what the contention between them, this was still his son.

2 Samuel 14 - 15

The rift between David and his son, Absalom, deepens. Finally, the head of the army, Joab, brokers a peace between the two men and Absalom is allowed to return to Jerusalem. After an additional 2 years, the king and Absalom meet and are restored.

Absalom, however, has intentions for the kingdom. He begins to set himself up as an intermediary to the king; and eventually a large conspiracy develops that seeks to establish him as the king. While Abasalom rallies his forces in Hebron, King David and his family retreat from Jerusalem for safer environs. Several key individuals are left in the city to report on Absalom's doings and plans.

2 Samuel 12 - 13

David is confronted with his sin by the prophet Nathan. David makes the statement that the sin should be repaid 4-fold. God accepts his repentant heart and David is restored in his relationship with God. His family, however, feels the effects of their father's sin.

The baby conceived in this adulterous relationship dies. Yet, out of this tragedy, God raises up another son - Solomon - whom we shall hear more about later.

Another son of David (Amnon) commits incest with his half-sister. This gross immorality is not addressed by the king; but is carefully noted by the sister's brother, Absolom.

Absolom exacts revenge on his half-brother Amnon some 3 years later by having him murdered. Absolom flees from his father's presence and spends the rest of his life as a prince in exile - although his father longs to see him and be restored.

The consequences of sin are dire indeed. The one who believes his sin only affects himself is sorely mistaken.

2 Samuel 9 - 11

David distinguishes himself as a man of compassion by showing continued mercy to the household of Saul. An heir of Jonathan's, Mephibosheth by name, was still living in the kingdom. David installs him in the palace and places the lands that belong to him by birthright under the care of a faithful manager.

Israel continues to battle against the enemies at her borders. God favors David with victory; and provides great encouragement to the nation in the process. However, David finds himself away from the place God would have him and as a result, he enters an adulterous relationship with the wife of a man employed in David's elite forces. When a pregnancy results, David attempts to cover his sin by bringing the soldier home and thus removing a question of paternity. The faithful soldier will not enjoy such a leave while his fellow soldiers are still in the battle field. David feels he has no choice in the matter but to have the soldier placed in a dangerous spot in the battlefield and his support withdrawn. It is no wonder that the soldier is soon reported to have died in battle. After an appropriate period of mourning, the widow soon joins David in the palace as his wife. Throughout all this, God is taking notice. David's actions do NOT please God.

2 Samuel 6 - 8

David continues establishing his kingdom and rule over Israel. One important factor was the ark of the covenant - once lost to the Philistines, now back in Israel's borders. It needed to be in a central place so that worship could be enjoyed by the entire nation. David begins returning the symbol of God's presence to the capital city. However, when those transporting it use inappropriate means and methods, God strikes them dead. Eventually, David brings the ark inside the walls of Jerusalem.

David's next concern is for a permanent place of worship - a house for God. God delivers a message to the king that He will establish a house for the king; and that the king's son will build the house for God. David begins amassing the materials for this edifice.

The neighboring nations are subdued by David. The borders of the nation are increasing, the enemies are being defeated. God's name is being upheld and His way is being followed. As a result, great blessing is enjoyed by the nation.

2 Samuel 3 - 5

The battle between the rival kings David and Ish-bosheth continues, but David gains victories on the battle field and in the hears and minds of the people. Many plots are advanced to remove David from the throne, but God allows David to prevail. Ish-bosheth is murdered and David punishes those who killed him. In David's mind a king over God's people is a sacred trust; one he will not disturb.

After the death of Ish-bosheth, David is installed as king over all the nation. He mounts a battle against the Jebusites and wins the city of Zion - hereafter known as Jerusalem or the city of David. The nation's capital is established in this city on a hill as David restores and fortifies its walls.

The Philistines continue to be a problem to the nation. David engages them in battle and, following God's direction, defeats them.

2 Samuel 1 - 2

Three days after returning to his base of operations, David learns of the deaths of Saul and Jonathan. Rather than the expected relief that his pursuer was gone and the path made clear for his accession to the throne, David laments greatly for the fallen king and his dear friend.

David then makes plans to return to Israel, and he is anointed king over Judah in the city of Hebron. His first official act is to reward those who procured the body of the fallen king for proper burial. However, another king is anointed over Israel - Ish-bosheth, son of the late king Saul. A period of battles begin as a power struggle ensues for the crown of Israel. David's forces prevail, but not without loss of life.

1 Samuel 30 - 31

As David returns home after being dismissed from the battle field, he finds his hometown burned and all the families taken captive. These mighty warriors weep until the tears can no longer flow. After inquiring of God what to do, David and 600 men set out to retrieve their families. Finding the Amalekites responsible for the raid, David quickly defeats them and all is restored - nothing is missing, nothing lost in the raid.

Meanwhile the Philistines fought against Israel and won handily. Saul, as foretold, was killed in battle as was his son Jonathan. The Philistines tried to make a statement by displaying Saul's body, but brave warriors from Israel fought through the lines to retrieve the bodies of their slain king and his sons.

1 Samuel 27 - 29

David determines that he is safer among his enemies than in the same country as Saul. He removes himself and his troops to the city of Gath (Goliath's hometown). From this city he conducts raids against the Philistines, but leaves no one alive to inform the Philistine king that someone from within their own borders is attacking them.

The Philistines amass an army against Israel. Saul, troubled at what this might signal, consults a medium to communicate with the dead judge Samuel. God is no longer listening or responding to Saul's prayers or inquiries. Samuel informs Saul that the battle will be lost and he and his sons - the royal family will be killed the following day.

Meanwhile, the Philistine leaders discourage their king from allowing David to fight in their ranks in the upcoming battle. David is dismissed; and is even thanked for his faithful service to the nation of Philistia. How curious are God's ways!

1 Samuel 25 - 26

This passage opens with the simple account of the death of Samuel. The last judge of Israel had now passed off the scene. David continues his journey throughout the land of Israel, attempting to stay out of the reach of Saul. He happened to find himself in the territory of Nabal, a Calebite with great riches but no sense. When asking for simple supplies in return for the protection he provided Nabal's servants, David was laughed at and ridiculed. This prompted David to plan an attack against this foolish man; but Nabal's wife wisely intervened. Soon, Nabal was dead of a stroke; and Abigail (Nabal's widow) was David's wife.

Another attempt on Saul's life was possible for David; but he refused to take action against the man God had established as king. Saul marvels at the restraint David shows and emptily promises to cease pursuing his son-in-law and heir to the throne.

1 Samuel 22 - 24

David continues his flight from Saul, while Saul continues to put David to death. Those who aid David are put to death in swift retribution for assisting this "enemy of the king." David eventually has the opportunity to take Saul's life, but refuses to interfere with the man God anointed as king over Israel.

1 Samuel 19 - 21

Saul is earnestly out for David's life. Multiple attempts are made to kill the one who will eventually be king over Israel. God miraculously protects David's life from every attempt, and uses Saul's own family to assist David against their father's attacks. David flees for safety but Saul is always close behind him.

1 Samuel 17 - 18

The armies of the Philistines amassed against Israel. Instead of long battles, they proposed a single representative battle - one warrior from each side would battle and determine the ultimate winner. Philistia felt they could not lose; their warrior was literally 9 feet tall and wore a coat of mail weighing approximately 125 pounds (if my math is correct)! Not a man in Israel was willing to fight this impressive specimen of war. Except one. David, displaying simple faith and brilliant logic, volunteered to fight because "he has defied the armies of the living God."

You know the story, I am sure. David defeats Goliath of Gath with a single blow of one stone slung from his shepherd's sling. The forces of Philistia flee in fear; and David is the hero. Much to Saul's dismay.

The jealousy Saul has and nurses against David becomes an obsession. Twice Saul tries to kill David within the palace walls. Failing at these attempts, he puts David into active military duty, only to see him win battles and public recognition and favor. When Saul's son, Jonathan, befriends David the stakes increase. When David wins the heart and hand of Saul's daughter, Michal, Saul becomes so embittered toward David that "Saul was David's enemy continually." A major reason for Saul's hatred was the realization that God's favor no longer rested upon him but upon David.

1 Samuel 15 - 16

Saul is still king in Israel. As such, he is sent to destroy the Amalekites for their opposition to Israel when they departed from Egypt. Saul is sent to totally destroy this nation. He kills all the citizens, but spares the king, the best of the flocks and other items he deemed "good." This breach of instruction finalizes the rejection of Saul as king. He would not obey God's voice; God therefore rejected him. Samuel is sent to deliver this terrible news - and to dispatch of the Amalekite king.

Saul has been rejected as king, but who would serve in his stead? Samuel is sent to the area of Bethlehem - the household of Jesse (Ruth's grandson) - and told he would find the new king there. Although Jesse's sons were impressive, the youngest was God's choice for leading the nation. David, a sheep herder, is anointed to be the next king. David soon finds himself in the palace, not as king, but as court musician to the troubled king Saul.

1 Samuel 13 - 14

It doesn't take Saul long to fall into the temptation of testing his "supreme authority" before the people. After a battle with the Philistines, he does not wait for God's representative, Samuel, to come offer the sacrifice of thanksgiving. In taking this task for his own, he oversteps his boundaries and does evil. Samuel reminds him that because of this infraction, his family will not perpetually inherit the throne of Israel. Instead, God will find a man whose heart will follow Him.

The evil Saul does is soon repeated by the people. They begin neglecting the clear teachings of God's law, and further correction is needed for their restoration to obedience and fellowship. Saul, still trying to exert control and power, makes a foolish law (no one can eat on the day of battle) that his son unknowingly violates. Instead of being put to death, the people save the life of Prince Jonathan who has rescued the nation in battle. Such a strong king, but so weak in character!

1 Samuel 10 - 12

Saul is installed as king of Israel, much to the delight of the people, the consternation of Saul, and the horror of Samuel. Samuel remembers what God has said about having no leader but Him and he reminds the people of what to expect from a king that may turn from following God. The people repent of asking for a king; but Samuel encourages them to follow their king and their God in order to receive blessing. Samuel makes a gracious exit from the scene as a leader among the nation.

1 Samuel 7 - 9

Samuel continued to serve as a judge and prophet for Israel. The ark was back in the land; and events seemed to be going smoothly. As Samuel advanced in years, his sons began judging the nation as well; but they were far from Samuel's caliber. In fact, they were selfish men interested only in financial gain that their office could bring them.

The people began clamoring for a king to rule them. Although Samuel told them the dangers of having an earthly king, the people still desired one. God allowed the people their wish and put in motion the events that would lead to Saul, a man from the tribe of Benjamin (remember, the one almost wiped out?) being installed as king over the nation.

1 Samuel 4 - 6

As Samuel continued to grow, the sins of Eli's sons grew greater, too. Eventually, the children of Israel went out to battle against the Philistines. They foolishly took the ark of the covenant into the battle as a good luck charm. However, God allowed the Philistines to win the battle and capture the ark. Upon hearing the news of the lost battle, his sons' deaths and the loss of the ark, Eli fell and broke his neck. Eli's grandson was born on that fateful day, and was given the name Ichabod (meaning "the glory is gone").

However, the ark did not provide anything but trouble for the Philistines. They were afflicted with tumors and failure until they returned the ark to the nation of Israel. God will receive glory; and will not share it with any other so-called god.

1 Samuel 1 - 3

The early life account of one of the greatest prophets in Israel's history is given in these chapters. Hannah, a wife to Elkanah, was kept from having children - much to her dismay. She prayed fervently to God for a son that she could return to God's service. God heard and provided the son, a young boy named Samuel. Samuel grew up in the environs of the tabernacle, helping Eli the high priest minister on behalf of the people. Eli's two sons were corrupt and leading the nation in perverted worship practices. God appears to Samuel with a message of destruction for Eli's household due to the sin of these rebellious boys. However, we are told that Samuel's word was highly revered and that he served the Lord obediently.

Ruth 1 - 4

The book of Ruth takes place during the same time period as that of the book of Judges. Many point to the theme of loyalty in this short account; but today I would like to highlight the rest and provision that is found in these four chapters.

Naomi and her family leave Israel for Moab in order to find relief from a famine. Naomi urges her widowed daughters-in-law to remain in Moab so that they might find rest. Boaz is blessed for the provision he makes for Naomi and her family. Ruth is urged to pursue Boaz as her redeemer so that she might enjoy rest. When Boaz is approached, Naomi states that he will not rest until the matter is settled. After Boaz and Ruth marry and have a child, the citizens praise God for giving rest to Naomi in her old age.

A curious thing, this concept of "rest." In the midst of famine, turmoil, uncertainty and intrigue rest is possible. It is possible because of its source. Throughout the book of Ruth, the source of rest is seen to be God Almighty - the One Who provides the needed grain, the sought for comfort, the anticipated redemption, the desired progeny. This weekend, whatever activity you have planned, may God Almighty bless you with His presence and may you know His rest.

Judges 19 - 21

Civil war - the last two words you ever would have imagined hearing in a description of Israel's history. Yet, here is the nation divided against itself. Well, eleven tribes against one. What happened?

It all began with a love story that seemed to have a happy ending. A man wooed his long-estranged wife back to himself and they were traveling home. Along the way, they stopped in the city of Gibeah - a city known for its rough reputation - and were housed by a kind citizen who could not bear to have them sleep in the city square.

At night, a group of men came to perform aggressive sexual acts on the man. The host, unwilling to allow this to occur to his guest, tried to appease the mob. Eventually, the woman traveler was released to the angry crowd and was abused to death.

The man issued a call to action against the city. The tribe of Benjamin refused to punish their own blood; so the nation rose up and wiped out the city and most of the tribe of Benjamin. Their losses were 25,000 men.

At the conclusion of the battles, the nation turned in love toward their brother Benjamin's tribe and helped them rebuild not only their towns, but their families as well. A period of independence was dawning on Israel. They had no king; but they were not following God either. All were doing whatever they pleased.

Judges 16 - 18

These are among the sadder chapters in Israel's history. They tell the downward spiral of sin among the leadership of the nation. Samson, the one who was so strong, was subdued by his passion for self-satisfaction. Moments of weakness compounded until he was a blind slave to the very people from which God had called him to deliver the people.

The account of Micah is also narrated for you. This man stole money from his mother, bragged about lying concerning its location, then returned it and made an idol out of it. He then hired a Levite to be his personal spiritual guide - a poor decision if there ever was one - and was then betrayed by that man.

The overarching theme of this period of history is repeated several times: "Men were doing what seemed right to them." Pragmatism was the order of the day. Ethical situations were decided based upon principles of expediency rather than principles of established law and ordinance. Sad chapters in history, indeed.

Judges 13 - 15

The nation of Philistines oppressed Israel for 40 years. God raised up a man named Samson to deliver His people. Samson was dedicated to God; his lifestyle was to indicate his separation to that purpose. Samson, however, often failed to differentiate between the lifestyle to which he was called, and the lifestyle he lead.

Unknown to his parents and fellow countrymen, God used even this rebellious leader to demonstrate His power over circumstances and situations. He began to deliver His people from the power and control of the Philistines.

Judges 11 - 12

God raises up a judge, Jephthah, to deliver His people from the Ammonites. Jephthah is proof that God does not use the brightest or strongest or most popular to accomplish His will; in fact, He often uses the weak and unintelligent to prove that it was His strength, not the character of the human instrument that delivers. Jephthah is an illegitimate child that has been disowned by his family and clan, yet he does what no one else is willing to do - take a stand and defend the people of God against the enemies of God.

In the heat of the battle, Jephthah promises that whatever comes out of his home first when he returns victorious will be given to God as a sacrificial offering. He is greatly dismayed when his only child is first to emerge from the home. But Jephthah keeps his vow. What a lesson in obedience - even when it comes at great personal cost.

Judges 9 - 10

Gideon's son, Abimilech, positions himself as Israel's first king. He gains this position by killing his 70 brothers. God punishes Abimilech for his sin; and after a number of years, Israel is back in subjection to a foreign power.

Israel rightly repents of their transgression, but God invites them to ask of their 'new gods' for deliverance. Israel is learning again and again that only one God has their best interest in mind.

Judges 7 - 8

Gideon's army is dwindled from 32,000 to 300. Such a small number is seemingly impotent against the mighty soldiers of Midian; but God was already at work among them. They were afraid of Gideon and when the attack came, confusion lead to their demise by friendly fire. Gideon returns from the battle and chastises those who would not fight due to their lack of faith in Gideon and God. Gideon asks that the nation give him a bounty for his victory, and it is given. Gideon dies, having kept the peace among the nation for many years.

Judges 4 - 6

The next great judge was Deborah. Through her the forces of Sisera were defeated, specifically through the efforts of a woman named Jael, who killed the enemy general with a tent peg through the skull! In Deborah's lifetime, Israel enjoyed 40 years of peace.

But soon after, the Midianites began oppressing the nation of Israel. Gideon, an unassuming man from an insignificant tribe was selected by God to deliver the nation. His first act was to destroy the places of false worship to erect altars to the living and true God. With the false worship dealt with, his attention turned to defeating the invading armies.

Judges 1 - 3

Following the death of Joshua, the tribes of Israel go to work conquering the land given to them as their inheritance. Again and again, we read that the victory was never complete. Because of this, God allowed the nation to be enslaved by the neighboring kingdoms to bring them to the point of repentence, after which He would deliver them.

The first three of these judges are named. Othniel, Ehud and Shamgar are each uniquely used by God to deliver His people and teach them to depend on Him alone for safety and protection.

Joshua 22 - 24

The tribes taking up habitation on the Eastern side of the Jordan River are dismissed to their lands with the thanks of their fellow citizens. Upon their return, they establish an altar to remind their progeny of the connection they share with those on the opposite bank. Joshua commends the nation to following the Lord God Who had delivered them. The book begins with the nation encouraging Joshua to be strong and follow God; it ends with Joshua challenging the nation to be strong and follow God. The death of Joshua and the high priest are recorded. The next generation of Israelites are ready to take the stage. Would they be faithful?

Joshua 19 - 21

The land continued to be divided for the children of Israel. While most of the cities are lost to modern knowledge, they did refer to specific places that were familiar to specific people and point to the fact that God fulfilled specific promises to specific people.
Cities of refuge were established for those guilty of accidental manslaughter; and cities were set up as an inheritance for the Levites who would receive no formal tribal allotment.

Joshua 16 - 18

The land continues to be divided out to the tribes of Israel. Some are given larger portions, some are given smaller portions - but each one is roughly the same amount of habitable land. When one tribe complains, the answer given is "Conquer the people within your borders and you will have more room for yourself!" This points out a serious problem with which Israel was failing to deal: the continued inhabitation of the land by its inhabitants. Rather than drive out those whom God had commanded be driven out; they were allowed to live and serve the nation. This was NOT the intended plan; and would have serious repercussions in the future.

Joshua 13 - 15

Joshua begins to divide the land among the tribes, so that the conquest may continue. Among those receiving land is Caleb, Joshua's partner on a reconnaissance mission 40+ years previously. Caleb's strength is not diminished, and he is eager to prove how great his God still is. His courage and ability is demonstrated against the Anakim - much to the dismay and defeat of the Anakim.

The tribes and cities are divided and given to the children of Israel, so that not only would the land be theirs in name - it would also be theirs in fact.

Joshua 10 - 12

Joshua and the nation of Israel begin to conquer the land promised to them by God. Having entered into the midst of the country at Jericho and Ai, they begin to campaign southward, defeating an alliance of 5 major kings and their territories.

Hearing of the southern defeats, the kingdoms in the north form an allied army; but they, too, are defeated by Joshua and the nation of Israel. All that was told to Joshua to do by Moses was done. Everything was followed to the letter.

A listing of the defeated kings - 31 in all - is given as testimony that God was fulfilling His promises to this nation of obedient followers.

Joshua 7 - 9

The greatest enemy Israel would face was Israel. Trouble surfaced when one - one man - of their citizens took spoil from the city of Jericho, an action forbidden by God. In the next battle, the city of Ai was able to defeat Israel and over 30 men lost their lives. The search for the cause of defeat was conducted throughout the country, until the man Aachan was finally left alone to answer for his sin. He eventually confessed and was put to death. The second attack on Ai was successful. In fact, God used their earlier defeat to set the stage for their victory; Israel feigned a retreat while an ambush attacked the city.

Following the victory at Ai, Joshua and the nation went to the spot where Moses had commanded them to sacrifice to God and recommit themselves to keeping the covenant made with God. Morale was high among the Israelites, and very low among their enemies.

To combat Israel, several southern kingdoms formed an alliance. The inhabitants of Gibeon, however, decided to try a different approach. They disguised themselves as foreign travelers and made an alliance of peace with Israel. When the ruse was discovered, Israel kept the promise made to Gibeon; however, the Gibeonites would serve Israel as the punishment for their deception.

Joshua 4 - 6

As the tribes passed through the Jordan River bed, one man from each tribe was selected to bring out of the river bed a boulder with which to construct an altar commemorating the amazing feat God had accomplished.

They were now in enemy territory. What took place next was not typical or usual. The nation's males were circumcised; and then celebrated the Passover. What other army would march into enemy land, make themselves medically unfit for combat and throw a celebration? We are told the effect this had on the neighboring kingdoms: they were in fear and dread of what would happen next.

Next was the conquest of Jericho, again by extraordinary means. Marching around the city once a day for 6 days, then 7 circuits on the seventh day followed by a shout seems like an unusual way to defeat an enemy. But God did it! The walls fell in on the city and the occupants were killed - except for Rahab and her family, as the spies had promised her safety.

Was there anything that could stop this nation? There was; their greatest enemy was about to be faced.

Joshua 1 - 3

Following the death of Moses, the leadership of the nation fell to Joshua. This long-time aide de camp to the great leader was reminded repeatedly in the early days of his administration to 'be courageous and not fear'. The tasks that lay ahead of him were great.

The first great task was the reconnaissance of the city of Jericho. Two men were sent to spy out the land and find the attitude of the people toward them. They found shelter in the house of a harlot named Rahab and promised her safety in the coming attack after hearing her profession of belief in the God they served.

Taking the city of Jericho required a further great task: crossing the Jordan River during the spring flood season. Again, the theme of 'be courageous and fear not' was put to the test as the priests are instructed to step into the swollen river. The soles of their feet being placed in the water caused the river to cease flowing while the nation passed through on dry ground. Could anything stop this nation from receiving the inheritance promised them? As they crossed, the city of Jericho was taking notice of their progress.

Deuteronomy 32 - 34

Moses sings a song of God's blessing and favor on Israel. He calls on God to remember His promises to the nation; and calls on Israel to keep the covenants they have sworn with God. The successor to his leadership, Joshua, is present to hear all that has been promised by both parties so that he may effectively serve the people in the future.

God then informs Moses that his time on earth is drawing to a close. Moses pronounces a blessing on the tribes of Israel, then retires to Mount Nebo on the outskirts of Moab - very close to the border of the land promised Abraham's descendants. From this mountain peak, God gives Moses a view of the fulfillment of His promises to the nation. Moses is able to see from afar all that God will give to the nation He has chosen to favor. Moses then dies at the age of 120; Scripture indicates that even at that advanced age, his strength and capabilities were not diminished. God had preserved his health and strength throughout his entire life.

Joshua takes the mantle of responsibility for leading the nation. He faced a great task: following the tenure of one who had no equal. Would Joshua meet the task?

Deuteronomy 30 - 31

After outlining the blessings and curses associated with obedience to God's commands, Moses commissions Joshua to be his successor. Joshua is reminded of God's faithfulness and provision; as well as Israel's fickleness to obey. The choice of life and blessing is much to be preferred.

Moses then composes a song to remind Israel yet again of their responsibility to obey God.