Please be in prayer ...

Some very dear and precious friends of mine are walking through the difficult valley of the shadow of death. Please uphold the L---- family in your thoughts and prayers. Pray that God would be the lifter of heads and spirits. Please also pray that God would be seen as good, gracious and sufficient during the days, weeks, months and years ahead.

Psalm 129 - 131

The pilgrims continue making their way to Jerusalem, and they consider those who have tried to discourage them from worshipping God. The travelers pray that God would bring divine punishment on these nay-sayers; and ask God to encourage those who do follow Him. These worshippers are reminded to rejoice in God's provision and redemption. God will reward those those faith and trust is in Him. In all this, the pilgrims are careful to not have too high an opinion of themselves. This is accomplished by keeping their faith and unswerving trust in God alone.

Psalm 126 - 128

As the pilgrims make their way to the temple, they rejoice over God's provision of their return from captivity. They anticipate a greater return in the future, as God blesses His efforts on their work done on His behalf. The pilgrims also realize the futility of life without God as the central focus. Their labors are fruitless (at home, work or civicly) unless God is actively involved in the process. Those who fear Him (hold and treat Him in reverential awe) are blessed. This blessing involves the home, the family, the city of residence, the totality of life!

Psalm 123 - 125

As the pilgrims make their way up to Jerusalem to worship, they sing songs reminding themselves of their responsibility to God. Psalm 123 outlines the dependence of Israel upon their God. They look to Him for everything needed and expected, just as a servant would look to their master for provision and protection.

Because God is their providing protector, Israel is able to declare their vulnerability. Indeed, without the Lord's help, they would have ceased to be a nation many times. The nation is invited to bless God for His awesome acts of deliverance. Because of His activities on their behalf, they are not the weaklings the naturally appear to be; rather, they are as immovable as a mountain. Even though they will face constant attack, God will continue to bless, protect and guide the nation.

Psalm 120 - 122

The psalms listed as Psalm 120 - 134 are called the Songs of Ascent. These were part of the national worship as pilgrims made their way to the city of Jerusalem for national worship at Passover and other high holy days.

Psalm 120 outlines the cries made to God in times of bitter disappointment. The pilgrim longs for peace, but dwells in the midst of those who only desire war and conflict. God is petitioned to provide deliverance.

Psalm 121 is a statement of trust in God, the One Who delivers from trouble. God's unchanging steadfastness allows Him to provide safety and security from any enemy.

Psalm 122 speaks of the joy anticipated in the worship of God. Going to the place of worship instilled joy in the hearts of those making the pilgrimage. The prolonged peace of Jerusalem is prayed for, so that worship may continue to their gracious and loving God.

Psalm 119:89 - 176

David continues his psalm of praise to God's Word by remembering its permanence. God's Word is forever settled; what it says has happened, has happened and what it says will happen, will happen. It is because of this certainty that David is able to view God's Word as life-giving and protective in times of trouble. Through a study of God's Word, David is able to possess more practical application of knowledge (wisdom) than his foes. God's Word gives him insight into the true nature and scope of every event. God's Word directs David's steps and path through life because it is a singular beacon. It only leads in one direction to one goal, it is not confusing. Although it may be difficult to perceive at times, it always gives consistent instruction. Those who despise and disobey God's word are not favored by David or others who love God's instruction.

Psalm 119:1 - 88

This psalm extols the virtues and blessings of God's Word. Those who follow it will be blessed and their lives will constantly come under the scrutiny and cleansing of God's Word. God blesses His children by allowing them to understand and be impacted by His word. Since He is a God who keeps His word, His followers receive a great example of faithfulness and integrity. God's Word possesses life-giving qualities; it sustains the weakened and allows the weary to endure. Those trusting God's Word will be able to answer their critics. No matter the circumstance or audience, God's Word is always appropriate, timely and poignant. God's Word, His commands and teachings, protect the heart of the one following it. His law is valuable and instructive; those who find their delight in God's Word will not be ashamed of their choice to do so.

Psalm 116 - 118

The psalmist praises God for being his sustenance and strength throughout life. Even at the end of life, there is much for which one can praise the Lord. His love and faithfulness are everlasting and perpetual. His ever present mercy is worthy of praise in every situation. No matter what may surround your life - prosperity or poverty; delight or dismay - God is able to be praised for His goodness is overarching and above all imagination.

Psalm 113 - 115

The psalmist praises God for His position high above creation. His name and fame are far beyond our ability to create or greater than anything to which one can attain. He promotes and demotes whom He will; and He is good for doing so.

God controls nature by His very presence. When He appears, all of creation responds in appropriate worship. All creation is designed to worship at the feet of Him who created it; and it is the proper and appropriate response.

The psalmist asks that God's name and reputation increase. All other gods are lauded and held up for reverence, but God alone is worthy of worship and praise. He alone inhabits heaven, and He shares His glory with none other. It is the duty of all living creatures to cause God's name to be praised.

Psalm 110 - 112

David describes the reign of the coming Messiah, One promised to be of his descendents. This Messiah would be an eternal king, a forever priest and a judge of the nations.

God is praised for His great works and glorious righteousness. God provides exactly what is needed: compassion, food, and a future. What God does, lasts! He is praised for honoring those who honor His commandments. The way in which God honors those who fear Him causes those around such a one to take notice that it is God at work.

Psalm 107 - 109

God is to be praised for His goodness and mercy that last forever. Nowhere is this better displayed than in the history of His people, the nation of Israel. God led them through the desert, giving them water and food when they were in need. He directed their steps from place to place. He even gave them reasons to rejoice while they were still in places of desolation. When they rebelled against Him, He lovingly brought them to the point of repentence so that they would ask for restoration and He provided it. Even to the day of the psalmist, God was displaying His ability to meet needs through His goodness. The sea merchants could trust in His ability over the waves, the wind and the storms. God is able to take impossible situations and circumstances and turn them around in miraculous ways so that He receives the credit and glory for doing so.

David exalts God's name and asks that God would continue to bring credit to His name. God has claimed the nation of Israel as His own; and David is eager to see God provide for this needy nation.

As the king, David was not free from those who would bring false charges against him. He asks God to fight for him; and pleads for truth to prevail. This seems quite harsh, until we take note that David is only counting as his enemies those whom God would count as His enemies. David is therefore asking God to do what He has already committed to doing - judge the wicked for their wickedness. This action by God would bring His enemies low and would cause the king He placed over the nation to rejoice.

Psalm 105 - 106

Psalm 105 is a song of praise to the Lord for His longstanding kindness and mercy. God displays His power and majesty through His covenants with His people, by providing them with a land in which to live, by sending those who would communicate His words, by delivering them from those who would harm them and by supplying their needs when it looked and seemed physically impossible.

Psalm 106 continues this theme of praise for God's unending mercy. Even in times of trouble and sin, God remained faithful to His unfaithful people. The psalmist recounts many occasions when God's people failed to act as though they were God's people; yet God proved Himself great even in those times. This is not because God was unaware of their sin; but through loving correction, He uses these times to instruct His people about His character. Many times God's wrath was stirred against His people for their deeds, but time and again a godly man would intervene and repair the breach between God and His people - leading the people to a place of repentance. What a reason to praise God - for His long-suffering mercy!

Psalm 103 - 104

David invites his hearers and readers to consider all the benefits God bestows on a daily basis. God forgives, heals, redeems, shows lovingkindness, mercy, brings satisfaction and strength. It is God who is just and righteous, merciful and gracious; patient, yet exacting judgment. God remembers our constitution - that we are but dust - and actively demonstrates mercy, favor and blessing. For what more could one ask? Indeed, we must bless the Lord!

Psalm 104, in contrast, praises God for His actions in creation and sustaining the earth. He is praised for His greatness, majesty, vastness, immensity, strength, creative genius, control over creation, life-giving power and ability to make His creation prosper. Such creative genius takes immense wisdom, which God possesses in vast supply. The psalmist concludes that it will be God's praise that will occupy his mind and lips for the entirety of his life.

Psalm 100 - 102

These three psalms record the joy that surround the one following God. He is filled with thanksgiving and praise for God's goodness. He is surrounded with awe and wonder at the holiness of God; and lives his life in a way that reflects God's standards of uprightness. He turns to God in times of trouble and distress, knowing that God alone is able to provide not only deliverance but strength in tumultuous times.

Psalm 97 - 99

Psalm 97 describes the Lord walking among His creation. The majesty He possesses melts the mountains, silences His critics and fills His followers with awe. Because of the Lord's position above His creation, His followers are to hate evil and rejoice in His goodness.

Psalm 98 invites its singers to praise the Lord for His goodness and giving of a new song to them. This song is joined by the whole of creation - even the mountains seas and rivers join in.

Psalm 99 invites God's people to follow Him and listen to Him as their leaders did. Moses, Aaron and Samuel all learned to listen to God and enjoyed the blessings commensurate with obedience. They learned to rightly appreciate His holiness.

Psalm 94 - 96

The writer of the 94th psalm praises God for protection and assistance, even in times of despair and trouble. When other abandon and danger increases, God displays His power and sustaining graces.

Psalm 95 worships God for His glorious splendor. Not only is He a great God above all the earth; He allows us to be called His people, and He cares for us like a shepherd cares for his flocks. What a great reason to praise!

Psalm 96 exalts God as the ruler of the universe. We are invited to worship Him and bow before His throne, acknowledging His presence, position and power. The beauty of God's holiness is meant to inspire admiration and worship among His creation.

Let My Lifesong Sing!

This song came up on my iPod this morning. As with every time before, my eyes filled with tears at the thought of what God has done for me through the life, death and resurrection of His Son, Jesus Christ. My prayer, expressed in this short song by Casting Crowns, is that MY life's song would sing only His melody.

I once was lost, but now I'm found
So far away, but I'm home now
And now my lifesong sings

I once was blind, but now I see
I don't know how, but when He touched me
I once was blind, but now I see
And now my lifesong sings

I once was dead, but now I live
Now my life to You I give
And now my lifesong sings

Alleluia!
Let my lifesong sing to You!

Psalm 91 - 93

Think of the safest place you can. What describes it? Fortress? Refuge? Shelter? These are all terms used to describe the presence of God. Psalm 91 outlines the safety and security found in God's abiding presence. Fear is removed as one's heart is calmed in the midst of storms all about. Sometimes, even the storms calm! The peace and comfort comes from knowing God hears when one cries out to Him in times of trouble.

When you receive a promotion, are affirmed in your tasks, when told "You matter" - how do you react? The psalmist turns even times of rest and promotion into songs of praise for God's goodness. No matter how high one climbs the ladder of success (of if one climbs it at all) God is the One providing the strength, endurance and ability needed. The psalmist records praise to God for His strengthening and sustaining power.

Listen to the crashing of the ocean waves. The psalmist points out that even that cacophony of sound is praise to the God who created it. His rule is majestic, His reign is eternal, His word is sure and unbroken. He lives forever!

Psalm 89 - 90

The psalmist of Psalm 89 begins with praise to God for His lovingkindness and mercy. He recounts the promises made and kept in the life of King David; and longs for those glorious days to return. The blessings have withdrawn due to sin. God's people had not followed God's commands, and were not in a position to recieve God's blessing. The psalmist begs God to return His favor to His people. Whatever the outcome, the psalmist states that he will bless the Lord always.

Psalm 90 was written long before David. It was written by Moses, the leader of the Israelis out of Egyptian captivity. Moses praises God for His longstanding favor and protection, and reminds himself that compared to God man is frail at best. Moses continues to ask for God's extended mercy and favor as His people seek to follow Him and obey His commands.

Psalm 87 - 88

Psalm 87 outlines the beauty and glory of the city of Zion, a reference to the dwelling place of God and the city of Jerusalem. The psalmist looks expectantly to the day when birth in the city of Zion will carry great significance - because it will indicate a person born under the watchful glorious protection of the Almighty!

Psalm 88 is a prayer for relief from great despair. The psalmist relates that his cries have gone unending before the Lord, and the Lord has not seemed to hear. This does not completely frustrate the psalmist, as he is confident in the Lord's hearing and sending assistance. The psalmist's cry is for God's deliverance to come quickly and completely.

Psalm 84 - 86

Psalm 84 describes the joy and blessedness of God's presence. This presence is displayed in the temple - a place where the author would rather spend one day than 1,000 anywhere else. That is an incredible thought. Would I be willing to spend just one day alone with God, or would I trade it for an almost 3 year vacation? I know what the answer should be; I need God to work on my heart so that my perception sees the right answer as the only option.

Psalms 85 and 86 ask for God's mercy and forgiveness to be displayed in restoration. God is called upon because He has proven Himself able to hear and answer. His blessings endure, His favor is preferable, His works are great and His compassion is enveloping. The psalmists ask for God's favor and blessing, not so that they will be proven right; but that God would be seen as glorious.

Psalm 81 - 83

Aspah encourages the nation to worship only God, as He is the One Who delivered them from Egypt and gave them a standing among the nations. God takes instruction from no one; no entity, no creation of His commands Him. No one else is qualified to take direction of the universe. Those who take up arms against the Almighty are soon disappointed and find themselves defeated and humiliated.

Psalm 79 - 80

Psalm 79 asks for God to reward the wicked for their wickedness, and the righteous for the righteousness. God is praised for being a God who rewards equitably and fairly. His justice is cause for praise.

Psalm 80 asks for God to shine His face upon His people. Only through God's presence is salvation possible, for salvation is 100% a work of His. The psalmist, Aspah, asks for God's saving presence to be clearly evident among His people; and for that presence to attract many to Himself.

Psalm 77 - 78

These psalms speak to God's protection in times of prosperity and trouble. Repeatedly, Asaph declares "Who is as great as our God?" and then demonstrates just how great God is. He provides, He delivers, He keeps promises, He redeems, He remembers, He forgives, He does the miraculous. What other response is proper but praise?

Psalm 75 - 76

Psalm 75 is Asaph's praise to God for His sovereignty. God does as He chooses; and needs to consult no one prior to acting. He decides whom to exalt and whom to humiliate. His actions prove His involvement in the affairs of mankind, and are a source of praise for those fearing Him.

Even in times of judgment, God displays His splendor. Psalm 76's theme is God's majestic judgment; and Asaph highlights the fact that all is done to point to God. Even the activities of man against God speak to the fact that God is there (how can one be angry at a non-entity?). God's wise choices and operations and again praised for their goodness and rightness.

Psalm 72 - 74

Solomon's psalm, Psalm 72, speaks of the extent of the reign of God's Son, the promised Messiah. Solomon extols the virtues of this coming great King. This King will be righteous, equitable, just, compassionate - yet fierce to His enemies. The scope of His kingdom will stretch from sea to sea and to all the ends of the earth. All will worship and honor Him - the God of Israel Who forever reigns.

Asaph, the author or Psalm 73, writes of God's goodness to Israel. At first, this seems incongruous with the way other people live their lives. Many who are wicked find themselves in the lap of luxury, enjoying more than their heart's content and denying the God who provides it for them. Even the end of their life seems smooth to him. But then he remembers that those who live for this life have only this life to enjoy. At life's end there is destruction and judgment. Asaph then praises God for not only providing for this life; but for the after-life. Truly God is good to His people!

Psalm 74 is an account of God's provision of relief in times of oppression. The writer asks God to remember this place and people that He has deemed special - for God's special place and people were under attack and destruction. God's mercy and deliverance in times past is remembered; and the memory provides the needed encouragement to continue trusting in the current situation.

Psalm 70 - 71

David uses Psalm 70 to remind himself and his audience of the relief that God brings from those that would cause trouble to him. He calls to mind the help that God provides from those who seek to do him harm; and asks God to speedily assist him.

Psalm 71 continues this theme of God's righteous protection and deliverance. The psalmist states that this has been his experience even from birth and, because of the Lord's unchanging nature, it will continue into old age. Although God is unchanging, man is not - so the psalmist asks God to keep him faithful to the expectations set for him. Praise will be given as God provides, so that others will be encouraged to place their trust in the Almighty. One of my favorite verses in found in this psalm: Let my mouth be filled with Your praise and with Your glory all the day.

... and now, for something completely different ...

Today marks an important day in the life of this author. August 5, 1982 was the day God's plan of salvation became clear to my mind and heart. Today marks the 26th anniversary of my surrender to God's plan for my life, and is the day my total dependence on His mercy, love and forgiveness began. God used several mighty influences to bring me to that decision - godly parents, concerned teachers, faithful pastors, a loving camp counselor (John Stover) to name a few - but the mightiest influence of all was His Word being ministered to my heart by His Holy Spirit. I was thoroughly convinced that nothing was good enough for God's standards unless God performed it Himself, and that's exactly what He did through His Son, Jesus Christ. I just wanted to remind my Father that I haven't forgotten the significance of this day.

Psalm 68 - 69

Psalm 68 invites the nation of Israel to praise God for His goodness to them. He lead them out of Egypt, protected them in the travels, delivered them into the land He had promised them, and allowed them to thrive. This goodness should inspire other nations to rejoice in the faithfulness of this mighty and powerful God.

Psalm 69 expresses David's desire for help in times of trouble. The trouble is of his own causing - he has failed to live in the way God prescribed and is facing the consequences of those choices. Nevertheless, he prays to God, knowing that God will hear and be willing to forgive and restore. This song of despair turns to praise as David remembers the goodness of God's forgiveness.

Psalm 66 - 67

Psalm 66 is a song of praise to God for His listening abilities. He hears and answers prayer! Not only is He interested in the affairs of His creation, He is willing and able to intervene on their behalf and demonstrate His goodness in tangible ways. The psalmist over and over repeats the joy that comes from such a personal God.

Psalm 67 is an invitation to the nations to praise God for His presence and kindness. This kindness prompts worship (called 'fear' in the psalm) that directs the heart to God in praise.

Psalm 63 - 65

David describes his thirst for God's blessing and presence as more intense than a person in a desert. His desire for God is consuming; and when he is in God's presence, his joy is overwhelming. Those who find their delight in God's presence and favor will never fear His retribution or punishment. God is praised for His love and care for the earth He created.

Psalm 60 - 62

David cries out in Psalm 60 for God to restore His people to His favor. The dismay felt at the abandonment of God's favor was more than David could tolerate; and he begs for forgiveness and restoration of God's pleasure.

In Psalm 61, the psalmist praises God for the strength and protection He provides. God is asked to lead His people to the place of safety; and shelter them with His security. The song is one of praise as God is lifted high for all to see His glorious provision.

Psalm 62 continues the theme of God's sheltering provision by stating that ONLY God can provide the security and comfortable protection necessary for a truly productive life.

Psalm 57 - 59

David prays for safety from his enemies in Psalm 57. He cries out for mercy and protection. He is also comforted when remembering God's faithfulness and mercy; it steadies his soul and gives him strength to continue.

David's theme in Psalm 58 is judgment. He reminds himself of God's impending judgment of all mankind, and that this judgment will find favorably for the righteous and disapprovingly for the wicked. The judgment of the wicked is briefly described as violent, complete and unrelenting. The comfort in all this is that God will greatly reward the righteous.

The title of Psalm 59 tells the reader this was penned while David's house was under surveillance by those attempting to kill David. David asks for deliverance from those who seek to take his life for unjust reasons; and further asks God to show no mercy to those who are wicked in their belief that their actions will go unpunished by God. David does not pray for his own advancement, but rather "let them know that God rules in Jacob to the ends of the earth." He rejoices in God's power, mercy and strength as his only defense.

Psalm 54 - 56

In Psalm 54, David outlines a problem he is currently facing. Those who seek his life (King Saul) were told where David was hiding. In this psalm, David pours out a prayer to God for protection. In these lines, He looks for comfort in God's name, strength, help and justice. Becuase of these qualities, David is confident that God will deliver him from all trouble.

Psalm 55 is David's lyric response to the betrayal of friends and close associates. The hurt is plainly heard in his psalm as he describes the treachery that has taken place. In spite of this painful situation, David promises to keep his eyes firmly fixed upon God, Who will never betray or disappoint. He asks this faithful covenant God to repay the deeds of those who have dealt unkindly with David.

Psalm 56 was written while David was a captive of the Philistines. I don't think I would be writing songs while held captive by the enemy, but David does! This song reminds David that God is the one to trust in times of peril - in fact, whenever David is afraid is when his trust in God is most necessary. With God assisting, what can mortal man do? God knows all David's actions and thoughts; and will keep His promises of safety and deliverance to David.

Psalm 51 - 53

The setting of Psalm 51 is well-known. Soon after the revelation of David's sin with Bathsheba (adultery and murder in an attempt to cover the relationship), David pens this psalm of penitence. In it he pleads for restoration while acknowledging the guilt he rightly carries and accepts the punishment he rightly deserves. His petition for forgiveness is not just to assuage his conscience; David states that, upon receiving restoration, he will teach others how great God is to forgive.

Psalm 52 gives David's understanding of God's protection. In contrast with those who wither without the safe-guarding hand of the Almighty, David can flourish - even in perilous times. This is attributed solely to the work of the Lord.

Psalm 53 lays out the natural state of man. Left to himself, man would not seek after God; nor is he capable of finding and comprehending Him. God must work in the lives of those who desire to seek after Him - creating the desire, opening the understanding and granting them the realization of what they seek.

Psalm 49 - 50

Psalm 49 reminds the reader of the folly in trusting anyone or anything other than God. Wealth, position, power, praise, even noble character will not provide for one moment's rest after life ends. Only God can redeem a soul from the power of death and give him life beyond the grave.

Asaph, the writer of Psalm 50, sings of God the Judge. God holds the position of power and authority over creation. All will give account to Him, for He owns and controls everything. God has no needs that man can ever fulfill; how could an infinite God depend on finite man for sustenance? Those who live uprightly will be rewarded, while those who live in error will be rewarded (negatively) for their actions.

Psalm 46 - 48

Psalm 46 is a song of praise for God's protective powers. With God on one's side, nothing needs be feared, not even global calamity. The psalmist invites his audience to consider the works of God in creation as evidence of His power to sustain His creation.

Psalm 47 praises God as ruler of the earth. His throne is not located anywhere on the earth; He reigns above the earth and over it.

Psalm 48 thanks God for His greatness, especially in the city of Zion. This special place to God is filled with reminders of His goodness and greatness.

Psalm 43 - 45

Psalm 43 outlines the psalmists hope in God during times of trouble. The psalmist declares that as often as God delivers him, he will be sure to praise God for the deliverance.

In the 44th psalm, the writers declare their dependence on God during times of national crisis. They have demonstrated repeatedly throughout history that God does and will deliver accurately and completely. The psalm then turns to a situation currently being faced. Based on God's past dealings, the psalm asks God to hurry to send His assistance in the present need.

Psalm 45 is titled a "love song" and describes the affection of the psalmist for the king whom God has blessed with victory. The writer displays great emotion and admiration for the conquering king and thanks God for gifting this leader with the skills necessary to win the battle.

Psalm 40 - 42

In Psalm 40, David recounts the blessings that come to the one trusting in God. The one in such a condition is secure, protected, and blessed with the knowledge that God hears and is concerned for him. Because of this trust, God holds a dear place in the heart of the psalmist - in fact, it is the place of primary importance.

Psalm 41 lists further blessings of the one trusting God. His name and reputation live on, unlike the wicked who are soon forgotten and not fondly remembered. The best legacy a person can leave, according to the psalm, is that he followed and feared God.

Psalm 42 describes the longing of the psalmist's soul for God's presence and blessing. He compares his desire to a wild deer panting for a stream of water. Life depends on this resource. When God is one's delight, disappointment is driven away and delight is found despite circumstances.

Psalm 37 - 39

Psalm 37 is an encouragement psalm. It is written to encourage those who put their trust in the Lord; and to invite those who have not to do so. The blessings granted by trusting in the Lord are outlined. The one who trusts is able to rest, know peace in difficult circumstances, enjoy God's faithfulness, allow God to deal with the enemy, have an inheritance that lasts forever, and never know ultimate defeat. David reminds his audience that in his entire life he has never witnessed God failing to uphold a promise to His people. What a legacy of faithfulness! Even during the reign of wicked men, God proves faithful; and provides rescue from any situation threatening His people.

Psalm 38 is a prayer for God to remember His servants in times of calamity. The one trusting in God does not have a guarantee for a perfect or trouble free life. In times when he must be disciplined, God still proves faithful and loving. David reminds God that even though he may not always show it accurately or fully, his desire is to be pleasing to God. He confesses the guiltiness of his life and pleads for restoration, knowing that God is faithful to forgive.

Psalm 39 is a prayer for wisdom. David asks that God would cause him to remember the frailty of life and impress upon him the seriousness of his choices. He again stresses the fact that God is his only hope in life; and thanks God for the merciful way He disciplines His children.

Psalm 35 - 36

In Psalm 35, David asks God to be his defender. David has well treated those who now mistreat him. In response to his kindness, they have returned hatred and sorrow. Yet, David does not retaliate; instead, he allows God to reward that which is right. In doing this, David allows God to demonstrate His power as Sovereign, and places his own earthly kingship in the background.

Psalm 36 contrasts man's wickedness to God's sinless condition. There is no fear of God in the heart of the wicked, he only thinks of more ways to conduct his evil plans. By contrast, God's goodness stretches across the sky and the rivers run with His pleasures. David states that his desire is to align himself with God's reputation so that he does not suffer the fate of those who plot against God.

Psalm 33 - 34

The psalmist of Psalm 33 praises God for His goodness in creation. His works are marvelous and right; His ways are perfect and just; His plans are spot-on and well-timed. He considers the entirety of events, not just one point in time. All that He does is worthy of praise. What is more, with such an eye for detail and the broad scope of creation - He still has time to consider individuals and interact with them. What a magnificent God!

Psalm 34 was penned by David during a time in his life when his future was uncertain, yet God intervened and delivered him. Thus David's praise is directed to God's ability to hear and answer prayer. He brags on God's mercy and great power. He informs his listeners that God is capable of hearing and answering prayer. He invites others to see just how splendid his God is in their own lives. He tells any who will listen about God's goodness in his life; and conveys a sense of awe that such a God would consider assisting Him.

Today, I need to see that mighty God at work in my life. Will my response be the same as the king's?

Psalm 31 - 32

David states his total trust and dependence on God in the 31st psalm. He asks God to demonstrate His mercy and kindness by continuing to look favorably upon him and his situation. Over and over he repeats the decision he has made "You are my God." With confidence in the goodness of his God, David is able to face a myriad of difficult situations (those who would slander him, pursue him, seek his removal from office, etc.). David's conclusion is that "the LORD preserves the faithful."

In Psalm 32, David contemplates the blessing of forgiveness. When David's heart is in an unforgiven state, his body can hardly function; but the peace and joy resulting from God's forgiveness brings vitality to his life. God is then able to guide him and bring him peace.

Psalm 29 - 30

Psalm 29 extols the power of God, namely His voice. The mere utterance of His voice causes mountains to tremble, cattle to give birth and waters to quake. His power is evidently displayed in nature and in His power over His creation.

Psalm 30 was sung at the dedication of the temple. This would have been a psalm penned by David but not put to music and sung until after his death. The song praises God for His mercy and help in times of trouble. God's presence causes a dramatic change of attitude and events: mourning turns to dancing with joy; sadness turns to extreme gladness. Truly God's presence is life-changing!

Psalm 26 - 28

In Psalm 26, David asks God to verify his integrity. He has kept himself firmly to God's precepts and followed his laws. His delight is in God's word and God's presence.

In Psalm 27 and 28, David extols the virtues of trusting in God's protection and goodness. While on God's side, nothing needs to be feared.

Psalm 23 - 25

The most familiar psalm of all, the twenty-third, extols the blessings of having God as one's Shepherd. The benefits are incredible, culminating in living in God's presence forever.

The twenty-fourth psalm speaks to the blessing of God's presence and coming to dwell with man. The question is asked "Who may dwell in God's presence?" and is answered with the statement "the one with clean hands and a pure heart." With such a person the King of Glory is pleased to dwell.

Psalm 25 contains one of my favorite phrases and prayers: "Make me to know your ways, O Lord; teach me your paths. Lead me in your truth and teach me, for you are the God of my salvation; for you I wait all the day long.

Psalm 20 - 22

The twentieth psalm praises God for His protection of His people. This protection extends far beyond the ability of military strength or diversity; and is available at a moment's notice.

The twenty-first psalm praises God for His strength - which is far beyond the capability of kings and armies.

The twenty-second psalm is a Messianic psalm - it applies both to the psalmist's current situation and points ahead in time to the Messiah, of Whom it is rightly foretelling. This psalm finds many of its fulfillments in the events around the crucifixion. It outlines the horrible nature of the extent of God's wrath on the One Who paid the price for sin.

Psalm 18 - 19

David rejoices over God's protection and deliverance of him in the eightteenth psalm. The title of the psalm gives us the historic setting: the day when God delivered him from all his enemies, even the hand of king Saul who had sought his life. Throughout these stanzas David contrasts the seriousness of the perils he faced and the mightiness of God who met every challenge and overcame every obstacle. These demonstrations only served to strengthen David's trust in the Almighty. David has come to the place in his life where he freely acknowledges that his strength only comes from God.

The nineteenth psalm is one of the very familiar songs in the pages of Scripture. The lines of this song recount with poetic beauty the goodness of God for revealing Himself to His creation in a way they can comprehend. The preciousness of this revelation is to impact your life in a way that causes you to respond as David did: since You have revealed Yourself to me, let what You see in me be acceptable to You.

Psalm 16 - 17

David extols the blessings of following God in Psalm 16. He states that God is the only inheritance in which he has an interest. He will associate only with those who also follow God and His ways; those who are God's enemies will be considered David's enemies. Only in this way can life be truly joyful and rewarding.

In the 17th psalm David considers the joy that it is to know God hears when David speaks to Him. God is aware of the situations David faces and will uphold that which is right. David is privileged to be considered one of God's possessions and joys. He looks forward to the ultimate blessing of being in God's physical presence one day and finding himself a pure reflection of God's character.

Psalm 13 - 15

Ever have that feeling that "God has abandoned me forever?" David did. He begs in Psalm 13 for God to return and bring His favor with Him. At the end of the psalm, he rejoices as he remembers that God never abandons His child. He always deals in a bountiful way with them.

In the fourteenth Psalm, David recounts the way of the fool. Only a fool would claim that God does not exist, that he can do as he pleases without God seeing, that he understands as much as God. David ends this contemplation with a desire to see God's promised salvation of His people.

Psalm 15 relates the character of the blessed man, the one who is blessed to abide in God's presence. His total character is reflective of God's character - honoring those who honor God and shunning those who despise Him. The one with this type relationship and character will not be moved.

Psalm 10 - 12

Psalm 10 speaks to the dillema faced when God seems distant and trouble seems close. It pleads with God to be near in times of trouble. The great assurance is that God is always near; He is always present.

Psalm 11 extols the presence of God. There is great security found in the knowledge that God is present in His holy temple; and among His people. God's love is on those who desire to do what is right ... by HIS definition.

Psalm 12 asks for protection from those intent on doing harm to God's people. Comfort is found in the fact that God preserves His people forever; some by removing them from trouble, and some by removing the trouble from them.

Psalm 7 - 9

These psalms extol the magnificence of God. Psalm 8 especially notes the grandeur from which God stoops to consider man. His name is truly magnificent!

Psalm 4 - 6

In these songs, the psalmists draw the attention of their hearers and worshippers to the provision of God. The line that stands out to me today is this one (my paraphrase)
"God, You put more joy in my heart than people have when their bellies are full and their wallets overflowing." What an abundance of provision!

Psalm 1 - 3

The book of Psalms, a hymnbook for the Hebrews, begins with the blessings on the one who follows and meditates on God's Word. Tucked into the 3rd psalm is the statement "I laid down, I slept, I rose again, God preserved me." (that's my paraphrase) How often is a good night's sleep taken for granted? Realize that David wrote that phrase while on the run from his son who was leading an insurrection, and you will have a greater appreciation for the thankfulness David is expressing.

Job 41 - 42

God continues to question Job regarding his fitness to pass judgment on his situation. Job is appropriately chastened and repents of his audacious questioning of God and His goodness. God accepts Job's repentence and reprimands Job's friends for their misunderstanding of the situation. Job is then restored to a position of prosperity and wealth. The lesson of Job is this: God does what pleases Him; and He always does what is right.

Job 38 - 40

God finally speaks to Job and his condition.  He asks Job where he was when the earth was created; and how his wisdom was consulted when God set the universe in order.  Through a series of pointed questions, God reminds Job that the question is not "Why?" but "Who?" in any given situation.  It is a question of who God is.

Job's immediate response is to claim error.  Here is Job's error:  he has overstated his case, he has charged the Almighty - and in doing so, he has placed himself over the King of the universe.  Job quickly admits that he is wrong for doing so, and will refrain from doing so in the future.

Job 36 - 37

Elihu continues to counsel Job about God's greatness and majesty. God's greatness cannot be questioned. No one is able to scold God or chide Him for His doings. He cannot be charged with wrong. His majesty is felt by all on earth - not just man. Elihu's argument is that God cannot be approached in our understanding, so how can one hope to second-guess Him?

Job 34 - 35

Elihu continues by describing Job's position as one of "I am right; but God is treating me wrongly." He then begins to point out the folly of such a position, due to the fact that God always does what is right. He then lists arguments in favor of doing what is right. It is better to do right and be under God's favor (no matter how it may look from your own perspective) than to disobey and be under God's chastening (no matter how closely it may resemble the first position).

Job 32 - 33

Elihu, the youngest member of the group, speaks. He had previously kept silent due to the age and presumed wisdom of the others. But Job's self-vindication and the friends' inability to convince Job of his need for repentence drove him to utter words of his own wisdom. Elihu reminds Job that God does not operate by man's standards, nor does He ask for man's approval before acting.

Job 30 - 31

Job continues to lay out his defense to his friends. He states that the turn of events in his life has seemingly betrayed everything for which he once stood. He is now seen as the "poster child" for sin's punishment; but he still maintains his innocence. In a sweeping declaration, he calls all heaven, earth and creation to bear witness to his innocence. He calls down stern condemnation on any sin not currently forgiven in an attempt to demonstrate his knowledge of no sin separating him from his God.

Job 28 - 29

Job reminds his friends that the earth is full of mysteries that are inexplicable. To question God's dealings with man is no different than questioning why he puts gold in one spot and rocks in another. He longs for the "old days" when his children were with him, the leaders would listen to him and all was 'well' with his world.

Job 25 - 27

Bildad reminds Job that man is not born pure; he cannot be righteous on his own. Job responds that only God is righteous and he keeps everything working according to His plan. He further commits to living a life of integrity before God. Because God rewards the just and the wicked accordingly, he wants to maintain a life that receives God's blessing.

Job 22 - 24

Eliphaz continues to treat Job as though he had committed some great sin. Surely he must have taken advantage of the helpless, mistreated the defenseless or some other heinous act to have received such treatment from the Almighty. He urges Job to make things right in God's sight and incur the consequences of a restored relationship, namely the removal of injustice and the restoration of life, the hearing of prayers and the deliverance only God can provide.

Job responds. He states that he is willing to go before God - not to confess his sin, but to lay out his case of innocence. The only problem Job faces at the moment is knowing where to find God. Job cannot seem to put his finger on the location of God at the moment; but he is confident that God knows exactly where he is, and is accomplishing something in the process. This "mystery" of what God is doing terrifies Job, for he thought he knew how God operated. The events in Job's recent experience have turned his world upside-down and he is not sure what to trust at the moment. He asks his friends to prove to him if he is deceiving himself in this evaluation.

Job 20 - 21

Zophar makes additional comments to Job. He reminds his friend that the wicked do indeed suffer; that theirs is not a life of ease as some would suppose. God does exact punishment from the wicked; and He has promised to do so. Job responds by reminding Zophar that God also allows the wicked to prosper, so that prosperity or suffering cannot be used as a measuring device of a person's goodness or wickedness.

Job 17 - 19

Job's lament continues. He reminds his friends that they have been of no real comfort; for while their words were true, they did not apply to his situation. Job's only hope was for God to take his life as well and end his suffering. Even in that, his friends would read the wrong interpretation.

Bildad responds that the wicked know no peace. They have no rest - even in death. Job is invited to 'come clean' and repent of the sin that has brought this calamity upon him. No matter what the sin may be; Job can still find forgiveness.

Job's response is unchanged. He asks how long these friends will continue their line of argument; he again states his innocence. All around him have failed - his servants, his children, his friends, and his relatives. Yet, in the midst of this Job knows that his Redeemer still lives and he will see Him at the end of his days. Job has not given up hope in God's goodness!

Job 14 - 16

Job continues his statement of defense. He states that the only comfort that seems available is in the grave, where all of life is over and trials are at an end. His friend, Eliphaz, responds. He states that God does not subject Himself to the direction of men. He reminds Job that God does not take orders from anyone; and that what He states is true, is so.

Job replies to this statement with one of his own. He tells his friends that they are not helping at all! Their words of comfort are of no comfort to Job, for their directions are not applicable to his situation. Job's sense of the situation is that God has made him His target and that nothing in the earth makes sense anymore.

Job 11 - 13

Another of Job's friends, Zophar, attempts to speak to Job about the dilemma he faces. He reminds Job that God is not fooled. To say one thing about God when the evidence is to the contrary just doesn't fly. For Job to claim that he is innocent - when all the evidence points to the contrary - doesn't seem to add up to any of Job's friends. They are eager to see Job make a right assessment of his situation.

Job responds to all his friends. His position has not changed - he is innocent. He calls heaven, earth, and all creation as his witness. There is no secret sin, no hidden flaw, no slight error for which God would be punishing Job. For his friends to suggest otherwise is not only pointless, it is foolish to mention. Job asks again for an opportunity to speak in the courts of eternity and present his case for innocence. What will be the response?

Job 8 - 10

A second friend to Job, Bildad, speaks. He reminds Job that God is just and right in His doings. He correctly states that if Job's sons had sinned, they would be punished; and that for Job to deny God's punishment of sin was incorrect. It would be unnatural for God to act differently toward sin. Those who expected Him to do so would be greatly disappointed. In fact, God would bless those who were blameless.

Job responds with a hearty "You're right!" He goes on to ask how a man can stand rightly before God, since He is so other - so out of reach for man's ability. Because of this, Job feels he has no where to take his case. The words he would use to present his situation would be inadequate before such a perfect God. Job is confused how to reconcile the disaster he has experienced with his comprehension of a right standing before God. One of the two does not make sense. Job begins to ask God for answers. He wants to know why he - one who is NOT wicked - is being treated the same way the wicked are treated. Why would God seek to destroy something He blessed as good? In all this, Job maintains that he has done nothing wrong to merit God's treatment. (Incidentally, we know Job is right in this statement; but his friends do not - nor would we unless we had read the opening chapters).

Job 5 - 7

Eliphaz continues admonishing Job. He encourages his suffering friend to throw himself on the mercies of God Who corrects His children. He urges Job to accept from God the punishment for his sin and to enjoy the restoration that will result.

Job responds by again asking God to comfort him by not allowing him to have been born. His strength is gone, his success has fled. All his dealings in the past have been correct, just and right. He does not lie. His standing is sure; he has not committed anything for God to punish. He informs Eliphaz that this cannot be punishment, for he has done nothing wrong! This is the unbearable truth: that which should comfort him - his right relationship to God - provides no comfort at this time. His life has been upended and nothing makes sense anymore to Job. He asks honestly "Have I sinned? What have I done?"

Job 3 - 4

Job gives voice to his grief and frustration. He pours out a lament, expresses grief for the day of his birth, states a desire to have never been born, and lays out his deeply-felt sorrow. He states that this is a day he has long dreaded - the loss of all. He is unable to rest, to be still, to be at peace or to sit by idly. He sees death as a better alternative to his present life situation - not that he is contemplating taking his life; but he does not see the point of beginning life if this is what it brings.

Job's friends break their silence and attempt to console and counsel their friend. They are truly concerned for him; and their desire for his well-being is evident. Eliphaz begins by reminding Job that his life has been instructive for many in dire situations; but now that it happens to him he is not practicing what he preached. Eliphaz reminds Job of the consequences of doing that which is displeasing to the Lord. He states the correct principle of sowing and reaping (you plant seeds of destruction, you will gain destruction). Eliphaz's point is clear and correct: God punishes sin.

Job 1 - 2

We are introduced to a man named Job. This man had great wealth and possessions. His prized treasure was his family. Seven sons and three daughters graced his household. They were a seemingly close family that would celebrate together and worship together. Job was very careful in his worship; his desire was to maintain a right relationship with the God he served.

Job and his family caught the attention of Satan. God asks Satan if he has noticed Job; and the response is that Job only serves because of the great blessings bestowed upon him. Satan posits that if Job were to experience the loss of his wealth, his attitude of worship would change as quickly. God gives Satan permission to remove anything from Job except his life. Soon Job experiences the loss of his cattle, his flocks, his servants and his children - all in one day. Job responds quickly ... with praise to God. In fact, the Bible records that in all Job said and thought in response, he "did not sin or charge God with wrong."

God asks Satan for Job's response (knowing full well what it was). Satan responds that God is still too kind to Job; he will curse God if his own health is disrupted. God again gives Satan permission to affect Job, but will not allow him to kill this servant. Job is soon covered in boils and sores; yet does not accuse God of wrongdoing in the process.

Job is also rich in friends. Three of these close associates come to comfort their suffering friend. Upon reaching his home, they hardly recognize the former wealthy landowner for all that has happened to him. They mourn with him in silence for a full week.

Esther 9 - 10

The Jews were not exempt from the decree against them; but a new decree was issued that allowed them to defend themselves against those who meant them harm. The Jews enjoyed a signal victory against their oppressors and enjoyed the fruits of their victory. A feast was established to commemorate the deliverance the experienced. Mordecai was promoted; and the Jews enjoyed a period of safety in a foreign land.

Esther 6 - 8

A restless night was experienced by many in Shushan. Haman spent the night constructing gallows on his property, so he could hang Mordecai on them. Esther spent a restless night preparing for the banquet she would throw the next day for Haman and the king. The king spent a restless night filled with insomnia. He called for the history of the realm to be read; and even that didn't put him to sleep! Finally, he heard of the works of Mordecai in protecting his life. A search of the history books showed that nothing had been done for Mordecai in the way of a reward for his efforts.

Haman, who is arriving early at the palace asking for permission to hang Mordecai, is asked by the king "What should be done to honor the one the king seeks to honor?" Haman selfishly answers, hoping that he will be the one honored. What a surprise to learn that he would carry out those details to show the king's honor with Mordecai!

At the banquet, Esther reveals that she and her people have been sold into annihilation. The king - rightly outraged that one would attempt to take the life of the queen - asks for the identity of the guilty party. It is Haman! In attempting to plead for his life, Haman is mistakenly accused of accosting the queen. He is taken and hung on his own gallows; and his property becomes the possession of Esther and Mordecai!

Esther 3 - 5

Promotion. Pride. Plotting. Persuasion. Parties. Perplexity.

A man named Haman is promoted to head over the king's leaders. Mordecai, a devout Jew, would not bow to this leader out of respect to the Lord's Commands. Haman, not content to see only Mordecai punished, determines to eliminate the entirety of Haman's race. A decree is soon issued by the king stating that on the 13th day of the 12th month, all these "traitorous rebels" will be executed.

Mordecai and other Jews officially enter a state of mourning. Queen Esther is made aware of the dilemma facing her people; and it is asked that she approach the king on behalf of the Jewish nation. She agrees after a period of prayer and preparation.

The king accepts Esther's request to a banquet attended by himself and Haman. At this banquet the king and Haman are invited back for a second banquet the next day. Traveling home, Haman passes Mordecai who will still not bow to him. He has a gallows constructed, so that he may ask the king's permission to execute Mordecai ahead of the promised day of destruction.

Esther 1 - 2

The opulent palace of Shushan is not free of turmoil. A party that has lasted for almost 6 months is winding down with a week-long intensive festival. At the conclusion of it, the queen is summoned, so that all assembled may delight in her beauty. The queen rightly guesses the real reason she is being summoned and refuses to degrade herself in such a way. Almost immediately, she is dethroned and the search for a new queen begins.

In this midst of Shushan lives a Jewish exile named Mordecai. He serves the king while caring for his orphaned cousin, Hadassah (Esther in the language of Persia). While the search for a queen continues, Esther is taken to see if the king would be pleased with her. She does not reveal her nationality to those helping her prepare to meet the king. After a year-long preparation period, Esther is presented to the king who immediately places the crown on her head and takes her as his queen. Mordecai, no longer responsible for the care of his cousin, is showered with gifts as her relative. While going about his daily routine, Mordecai discovers an assassination plot against King Ahasuerus. He passes this information to the queen, who passes it along to the king in her cousin's name. The treasonous parties are discovered and hanged; a public record of this is made in the official history of the kingdom.

Nehemiah 12 - 13

The names and families of those serving as priests at the time of Nehemiah's governance are recorded. Then, the grand finale - the dedication of the wall. Nehemiah has come many miles, many months, many mishaps since the day he first heard of the disrepair of the walls of Jerusalem. With God's help and direction, he overcame great obstacles to see this project through to completion. The dedication celebration was conducted on a grand scale. Two great choirs approached the temple from opposite sides and sang loudly in praise to God Who had accomplished much in the city. The sound of this concert could be heard well outside the walls of the city. The items of worship were dedicated, and the law reiterated to them; and then folks went to work.

Not everything went smoothly after that. Nehemiah had to keep a constant eye on the details of his governance. He was confronted many times about small matters that seemed insignificant. He dealt with these matters (which were serious) before they could develop into major catastrophes.

Many look to the book of Nehemiah for leadership principles and advice. In my reading through the book in the last several days, I have been struck by one or two major facets I have not seen as clearly before. The first is that a leader must be a person of prayer. Find one example in this account where Nehemiah is faced with a situation and does not pray. A second highlight of the book in this reading was the importance of focusing on the task at hand; and the need to constantly remind folks of the task at hand so they stay focused.

Nehemiah 10 - 11

The leaders and people agree to the covenant proposed by Nehemiah and Ezra: to walk in God's Law as given to Moses, and to keep God's commands, ordinances and statutes. Particularly, this involved the restriction on marrying outside the Jewish community, the forbidding of sales on the Sabbath day, and the setting aside of finances for the house of God and those who cared for it.

The population was then divided so that 10% lived in Jerusalem, while the other 90% lived in other cities. In this way, the land of Judah and Benjamin was reestablished.

Nehemiah 7 - 9

Nehemiah begins to oversee the repopulating of the land. He calls for a reading of the record of those who returned from exile. Again, it is a reminder of all that God has done to bless His people. Ezra, the scribe, is then called to read from the book of God's Law given to Moses. The people stood from morning until midday to hear God's Word read and explained to them. The day was declared to be holy to the Lord, a day of rejoicing in what God's strength had provided for them. At this time, they also celebrated the Feast of Tabernacles, a reminder of their time in the wilderness after leaving Egypt.

In Ezra's account we read of a great national revival and repentance over the matter of intermarriage with those God forbid. Here in Nehemiah's account, we read of the same matter. In this record, we have the words used to describe the attitude of those repenting. These were not folks sorry for what they needed to do; they were not grudgingly putting away their sin. These folks are responsive to God, rejoicing over His favor, and sweetly submitting to His wishes - no matter what the personal ramifications may be.

Nehemiah 4 - 6

Nehemiah continues the work of rebuilding the defenses of the city of Jerusalem. The walls, gates and infrastructure of the city slowly begin to take shape. Meanwhile, the enemies around Jerusalem try their hardest to distract and discourage those who are doing the work. Nehemiah sets a wonderful example of leadership and wisdom by taking every matter seriously, addressing every matter in a timely fashion, but - most importantly - taking every matter to God in prayer first. Over and again, he is a man of constant prayer.

Nehemiah addresses an important issue facing the nation. Too many were becoming indebted to their fellow citizens because of high interest rates. Nehemiah lays out the problem to the leaders, and they agree to withdraw their exorbitant charges. The nation is soon prospering financially and emotionally as a result.

With the walls and gates completed, the nations around Jerusalem are filled with fear. It is obvious that God is blessing His people once again.

Nehemiah 1 - 3

The account of Nehemiah is begun. Nehemiah, employed as cupbearer to the king of Persia, receives news about the disrepair of the city of Jerusalem. The walls are destroyed, the gates are burnt and the city is in shambles. Nehemiah's first response is prayer. He confesses that the city is rightly in ruins due to the sins of the people. He admits that God is right for disciplining His children in such a way. He requests that God's favor would return to His people; and that God would be pleased to use Nehemiah in the process.

The king soon asks Nehemiah what is on his mind. Again, Nehemiah's first response is prayer. He requests that the king give him permission to travel to Jerusalem to oversee the rebuilding process; and that letters be granted him to obtain the assistance of those along the way to contribute materials for building and security. His requests are granted.

Nehemiah arrives in Jerusalem and surveys the condition of the city. He then challenges the people with the task before them. The people eagerly respond and begin building. The gates are soon rebuilt and the walls between them repaired. Soon the walls begin to take shape around the city.

Ezra 9 - 10

Ezra continues to call the people back into a right relationship with God. One of the glaring sins committed was intermarriage with the surrounding pagan cultures - something God had forbidden. Ezra personally mourned the state of disobedience in which the nation was found; and the other leaders and rulers began to mourn as well. The people were called together, and God's plan laid out again for them. The question then, was, "What shall be done to correct the errors of the past?" A plan was developed to put away the foreign wives and children; and the people did this - even those in leadership positions.

Ezra 6 - 8

Darius confirms to the opposing forces the decree of Cyrus. Further, he ordered those opposing the temple reconstruction efforts to cease and desist their opposition. He also provided for the funding of the building project out of the royal coffers. With those provisions in place, the temple was soon finished; and the Passover was observed shortly after it was rededicated.

Ezra, the scribe, was commissioned to be the teacher of God's law in Jerusalem. He had full diplomatic authority in the region; and was uniquely blessed and equipped by God for the task. As Ezra prepares to depart for Jerusalem, he notices a glaring oversight: there are no Levites willing to travel to Jerusalem and serve in the temple! Convincing the priests and Levites to return, Ezra safely travels the distance from Persia to Jerusalem without losing any of the party or the provisions!

Ezra 3 - 5

Upon returning to Jerusalem, Ezra and his band of returning exiles rebuild the altar of God and offer burnt offerings upon it. They then celebrate the Feast of Tabernacles, then commenced to rebuild the temple itself. The foundation was laid and the people rejoiced. Many who had seen Solomon's temple before it was destroyed by Babylon wept because this new temple could not compare in size or beauty. But a temple was established to worship God again from Jerusalem!

Those in neighboring kingdoms asked to build alongside Ezra; but these were refused. These pesky neighbors tried to halt the building process by filing law suits against Ezra ... and the work stopped. During the time of the prophets Haggai and Zechariah, the people once again began building. Further legal claims were made against the validity of this project; but the people refused to be budged from their labors. A formal request was made of King Darius to see if Cyrus had actually decreed that the temple be rebuilt.

Ezra 1 - 2

Cyrus, king of Persia, in fulfillment of Jeremiah's prophecy allowed for the return of the Jews to their homeland after 70 years in exile. The purpose of this return was to rebuild the house of God; and Cyrus even allowed the gold taken by King Nebuchadnezzar to be returned to Jerusalem. The group preparing to make the trip back to Jerusalem totaled 42,360 people, plus their servants, horses, mules, camels and donkeys.

2 Chronicles 34 - 36

Josiah began his reign at the tender age of 8. Even as a young man, he sought the Lord and began to eradicate the presence of false gods from the land. Part of his restoration involved cleansing the temple from its disrepair. In the process of hauling out the accumulated junk, the priest found the Book of the Law given to Moses. When the priest's secretary read from God's Law, Josiah realized all that God had commanded His people - and realized that most of what had been done should not have been, and most of what should have been done had not been. The prophetess confirmed the fact of God's displeasure at Judah's sin; and also confirmed that Josiah's tender heart and inclination to follow God would be rewarded. Josiah then goes to the people and enters a covenant with them that he will lead them in the way that is right.

A Passover celebration was held, with the king providing for those unable to sacrifice. All was followed to the letter that day. This Passover celebration had not been correctly observed, Scripture tells us, since the days of Samuel.

Again, pride does its dastardly work. Josiah goes out to battle and will not be dissuaded from participating. He disguises himself to fight and is mortally wounded in battle. The mourning for king Josiah was great and prolonged.

Josiah's son, Jehoahaz, reigned in his place. His rule lasted 3 months. During those 90 days, the land was placed under tribute to Egypt and another son of Josiah, Jehoiakim (his name was Eliakim before being changed) was placed on the throne to rule. Jehoiakim did not follow the godly example of his father, Josiah. He was carried away to Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar. In his place, his son Jehoiachin reigned. After 3 months he was replaced by his brother Zedekiah.

Zedekiah did not practice humility either. He rebelled against God, and against Nebuchadnezzar. He constantly refused to heed the warnings of God's prophets and messengers. The Chaldeans soon came and laid siege to the city of Jerusalem. The citizens were taken into exile - a period of time promised by God to last 70 years. At the end of those years, a declaration was made by Cyrus, king of Persia that all who were willing to return to the land to rebuild God's house were encouraged to do so.

2 Chronicles 32 - 33

The partying soon came to an end when Sennacherib, the king of Assyria, invaded Judah. Hezekiah strengthened the city walls, stopped up the water resources, and made the invasion as difficult for Assyria as possible. Hezekiah's reasoning was this: Sennacherib has a strong arm; but we have the arm of the LORD as our Protector!

Sennacherib taunts the faith of the people in Hezekiah and Jehovah. But God will not be blasphemed! His angel went through the camp, killing the commanders and warriors. Sennacherib returned to his country in great defeat.

Unfortunately, Hezekiah soon suffered defeat. He became proud of his accomplishments; and displayed them to any who would see - even foreign dignitaries from Babylon who came to inquire about a miraculous healing he had received from God. Following his death, his son - Manasseh - reigned.

Manasseh was evil. He undid all that his father had done in restoring worship to God alone. He failed to listen to God's calls for repentance - until he was lead away captive by the Assyrians. God graciously allowed him to return to his kingdom. He repaired what he had done and tore down the false idols and attempted to reform the worship of the people once again. The people still used the false altars; but they worshiped God on them (how absurd).

Manasseh's son, Amon, reigned for two years following his father's death. He also did evil. His own counselors conspired against him and had him assassinated.

2 Chronicles 30 - 31

Once the temple was rededicated, Hezekiah set about to celebrate the Passover - an event that had been neglected for many years. The priests and Levites made great sacrifices on behalf of the people, as the people themselves were unclean, unworthy and unable to sacrifice for themselves. This celebration was unrivaled in Israel's history. One would have to go back to the time of Solomon for a worship experience that rivaled this one.

Following this time of great renewal of worship, the people went out and removed the altars of the false gods they had been worshiping. People began giving again to the temple; and the income almost overwhelmed the priests who received it.

2 Chronicles 28 - 29

King Ahaz does not follow in the family tradition of following God. He builds altars to false idols and participates in human sacrifice. As punishment for his sin, God allows the Syrians to carry away part of the populace as captives. Under seige from many enemies, Ahaz turns to the Assyrians for help. In this time of distress, Ahaz did NOT turn to God, but became even more faithless. After Ahaz's death, Hezekiah began to rule.

Hezekiah did what was right in God's eyes. He reopened the temple and restored the worship within it. He rededicated the temple, the utensils, and those who served within it. He then formally held a ceremony to rededicate the temple.

2 Chronicles 25 - 27

Amaziah begins his reign by putting to death the men that assassinated his father, King Joash. He then amassed an army and set out to destroy the Edomites. Strangely enough, after defeating them, he begins worshiping their gods. If they were not strong enough to protect the Edomites . . . ?? This is soon demonstrated as Amaziah engages in a battle with Joash, king of (northern) Israel and is soundly defeated and taken captive. Later he would be put to death by the citizens for his failure to follow the Lord. His son, Uzziah, was made king in his stead.

Uzziah took the throne at the age of 16. His 52-year reign was a good one. He sought the Lord, and God allowed him to prosper. Prosperity, however, had an ill effect on Uzziah. His pride caused him to overstep his duties as king. In attempting to act as a priest by burning incense on the altar, Uzziah contracted leprosy and had to live in a separated house away from the palace. This well-beloved king soon died and was replaced by his son, Jotham.

Jotham followed his father's example of serving and revering God. Scripture tells us he became "mighty because he ordered his ways before the Lord his God." After his death, following a 16-year reign, his son Ahaz reigned.

2 Chronicles 23 - 24

Queen Athaliah ruled in Judah and convinced the populace to worship the false gods of her mother, Jezebel. Meanwhile, the priest, Jehoiada, waited for the right moment to reveal that a successor to king Ahaziah did exist. At the right time, young king Joash - only 7 years old - was set on the throne and declared king of Judah. His mother was executed.

Under Jehoiada's tutelage, Joash prospered as king. The temple was repaired and restored; the false idols were taken down and destroyed; the royal treasuries were increased; sacrifices to the Lord continued. But after Jehoiada's death (he lived 130 years!), Joash forsook all that he had learned from this faithful mentor. God's house was abandoned and false idols worshiped. Faithful prophets declared the wrongness of the people's actions, but to no national avail. King Joash even consented to having Zechariah - Jehoiada's son - stoned for his message against idol worship.

King Joash died at the hands of assassins. His tomb was not among those of the kings. His son, Amaziah, succeeded him.

2 Chronicles 21 - 22

Following the death of king Jehoshaphat, his son Jehoram took the throne. Jehoram did not follow the ways of his father. Instead, he followed the ways of his father-in-law, king Ahab of northern Israel. His first official act was to assassinate his brothers to keep them from overthrowing his throne. Even in the midst of this, God shows His mercy by allowing David's line to continue, as He had promised.

Jehoram dies after 8 years and the Bible records "he departed with no one's regret." His youngest son, Ahaziah, was made king. Ahaziah followed the ways of his mother, Ahab's daughter. While visiting at the home of his cousin, king Joram of northern Israel, Jehu found him and put him to death as the prophet Elijah had ordered him to do. Ahaziah's mother promptly destroyed the royal family, in hopes of uniting the kingdom under Ahab's family. But one young son, Joash, was secretly hidden away and escaped the murderous plot. Meanwhile, Queen Athaliah ruled over the land.

2 Chronicles 19 - 20

Jehoshaphat continues his reign in Jerusalem. He reminds the leaders and court officials that they are not to make decisions based on their own preferences; but that they represent God in their judgments. (A good principle to remember here in California where it is election day for local officials.)

An alliance comes against Jehoshaphat from Moab, Ammon and Assyria. The king, at a loss of what to do, gathers the people for a public prayer meeting. God speaks and reminds the people that He will deliver; they need to merely be in place to see it happen. The battle begins and God sets an ambush so that the enemy forces destroy one another. The spoil is so great from this invading army that it takes Israel 3 days to gather the spoil. The news of this victory garners peace for the rest of Jehoshaphat's 25-year reign.

2 Chronicles 17 - 18

Jehoshaphat reigns after his father, Asa. He removes the false idols and walk in the way set by his ancestor, David. God blesses him with a strong reputation. None of the surrounding kingdoms made war against him. He did make an alliance with his contemporary in northern Israel, Ahab. Jointly they went out to fight the Syrians; but in the battle, Ahab lost his life.

2 Chronicles 15 - 16

King Asa conducts reforms in the nation of Judah. Because of this, God blesses his reign with success and freedom from invasion. The king even removed his own mother from a position of power because of her worship of false idols. King Asa reigned for 41 years. He followed the Lord throughout his reign (mostly) and enjoyed great success as a result. His failures resulted in lost blessings, but God was honored by this faithful king.

2 Chronicles 13 - 14

Abijah, Rehoboam's son, is attacked by Jeroboam, king of Israel. Abijah prays and asks God to defend His name and covenant made with David. God miraculously defeats the army of Israel that had outnumbered Abijah's forces 2 - 1. Abijah is succeeded by his son, Asa.

Asa also follows the ways of the Lord. He removes the instruments of false worship and directs the people's worship towards God alone. He also is blessed with a decade-long reign of peace and tranquility.

2 Chronicles 10 - 12

Solomon's son, Rehoboam, ascends the throne after the death of his father. A rebellion quickly forms, as Rehoboam promises to be more severe in his taxation and treatment of the nation. 10 of the 12 tribes secede, leaving Rehoboam to rule the tribes of Judah and Benjamin. For three years, Rehoboam follows the pattern laid out for him by his father and grandfather. He serves the Lord obediently and is blessed. After 3 years, however, he abandons his father's ways and begins to rely on his own strength and power. God allows Shishak, king of Egypt, to come and place the nation under attack to remind Rehoboam of how he must live. The king repents and Shishak departs, having taken much of Solomon's wealth. After a 17 year reign, Rehoboam dies and is succeeded by his son, Abijah.

2 Chronicles 7 - 9

"God is good. His steadfast love endures forever."

This is the theme of the temple dedication. Over and over it is repeated by the priests, by the people, by the king himself. God's presence filled the temple and overwhelmed those who were serving in it. The opulent furnishings of the temple were hardly sufficient to contain the sacrifices offered over the period of the seven day dedication ceremonies. God confirms to Solomon that He has chosen to occupy the temple as a place for sacrifice in His name. He re-establishes a covenant with the people, reminding them of their obligation to obey and the prescription for returning when they disobey, along with the punishments for disobedience.

Solomon continued to grow in greatness, wealth and wisdom. All that was set before him he accomplished with excellence. This reputation extended into distant places; and before long, foreign dignitaries came to see if what they had heard was really the case. The Queen of Sheba's visit left her breathless at the sights she encountered and her comment was that all she had been told only encompassed half the glory she experienced first-hand. In Solomon's day, gold was the standard. Silver, the pages of Scripture records, was as common in Jerusalem as stones. Following the death of this great and wise king, his son - Rehoboam - reigned in his stead.


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2 Chronicles 4 - 6

Solomon begins outfitting the temple he has constructed. The opulence of this structure must have been staggering. Most of the furnishings were made of gold or were gold encased. The utensils were made of bronze. The size and magnitude of the dimensions are staggering. This was truly a place in which God's mighty name and reputation would be brought to mind!

The ark of the covenant was then moved from its home in the city of David to its new location within the temple walls. The sacrifices that accompanied this relocation were numerous. The amassed Levites began singing to musical accompaniment in order to demonstrate the people's praise to the Lord, and the God's worthiness to receive such praise. The ever-repeating chorus was "For he is good, for his steadfast love endures forever!" God's presence then descended upon the temple; and it overwhelmed those who were serving.

Solomon then steps before the people and reminds them of God's great blessings to them. He offers a prayer of dedication for this temple. In his prayer, he details the many attributes of God for which he as king is mindful. He reminds the people of their obligation to seek God's forgiveness when sin occurs. He asks God to kindly favor His chosen people and allow them to continue to experience His blessing. He concludes by asking God to be pleased with the temple as a place of national remembrance and worship; and to remember the king, God's humble servant.


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2 Chronicles 1 - 3

Solomon begins his reign by leading the people in worship at the tabernacle, set up in Gibeon. That evening, God appears to Solomon and encourages Solomon to ask for anything he might desire. Solomon's request for wisdom pleases God, Who promises to give him wealth and honor as well. This promise is soon obviously fulfilled as Solomon's wealth begins to grow exponentially.

Solomon begins to assemble the workers at the site of the temple he has been commissioned to build. The descriptions of the materials and the ornateness of the building highlight the reverence the king has for his God.

One interesting facet in the temple construction: Solomon continually states he is building a "house for the name of the LORD my God" a very curious way of arranging words. Solomon later points out why he uses that particular phrase when he states that any house would only be for the sacrifices to his God, since "heaven, even highest heaven cannot contain him." Solomon's temple was not going to confine God to one space - rather it would draw attention to the One unconfined by time or space and direct those around to worship Him for His greatness.


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1 Chronicles 28 - 29

David outlines the plans for the temple construction in great detail. Solomon is inaugurated as successor to his father David. David charges the people to follow the ways of the Lord; and charges his son to lead the people in God's ways. David then passes off the scene; dying "old and full of days, wealth and riches." What an epitaph for this servant of God!


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